204例儿童髋部骨折的流行病学特征

Clinical epidemiological features of 204 hip fractures in children

目的探讨儿童髋部骨折的临床流行病学特征,为防治策略的研究提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月福建省4所医院收治的204例髋部骨折患儿的临床资料,记录和统计患儿性别、年龄、侧别、致伤原因、Delbet分型等。结果男110例（53.9%）,女94例（46.1%）,平均年龄（9.5±3.8）岁;10~15岁儿童骨折所占比例最高（53%,108/204）,不同年龄段男女比率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=5.514,P=0.238）。左侧122例（59.8%）,右侧82例（40.2%）,不同年龄段左右侧比率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=21.987,P=0.000）,4~6岁年龄段左右侧比率明显高于其他年龄段。发病季节以夏秋季为主（65.2%,133/204）,高处坠落伤（44.1%,90/204）和交通伤（35.3%,72/204）多见。Delbet分型中Ⅱ型比例最高（45.1%,92/204）,Ⅰ型比例最低（3.4%,7/204）。结论福建地区儿童髋部骨折多发生于10~15岁儿童,左侧骨折多见（尤以4~6岁突出）,常发生于夏秋两季,大部分由意外高能量损伤导致,DellbetⅡ型是最常见的骨折类型。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of hip fractures in children, and to provide scientific basis for researches of prevention strategy. Methods Clinical data of 204 children with hip fractures treated in four hospitals of Fujian Province from January 2010 to December 2012, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients’ gender, age, injured factors and sites, types of classification were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results There were 110 males（53.9%） and 94 females（46.1%） with the average age of（9.5 ± 3.8） years old, and the incidence of fracture in children aged 10 to 15 years old was the highest（53%, 108/ 204）. The difference of ratio of male and female among different age groups had no statistical significance（χ2= 5.514, P = 0.238）. Total of 122 fractures（59.8%） affected the left side, while 82（40.2%） the right side. There was statistical difference of ratio of sides among different age groups（ χ2= 21.987,P = 0.000）, especially for children aged 4 to 6 years old. Summer and autumn were major high-risk seasons（65.2%, 133/204）, and the main injured factors were falls（44.1%, 90/204） and motor vehicle collision（35.3%, 72/204）. As for Delbet classification, typeⅠwas the least common fracture（3.4%, 7/204）, and type Ⅱ was the most common（45.1%. 92/ 204）. Conclusions In Fujian area, high-risk age of hip fractures in children is 10-15 years old, left side is the common injured side（especially for 4-6 years old）, the incidence is high in summer and autumn, and type Ⅱ is the most frequent fracture type according to Delbet classification.