四地区吸毒者吸毒行为、性行为及其对艾滋病态度、知识的流行病学调查

KNOWLEDGE AND RISK BEHAVIOR ON HIV/AIDS AMONG DRUGADDICTS IN FOUR AREAS IN CHINA

目的··:调查吸毒者吸毒行为与性行为及其对艾滋病的态度、知识。方法·· :采用被调查者自行独立填写调查表,医务人员核实的方式 ,于1999年1月 -3月对云南、新疆、湖北 (武汉、宜昌 )和北京等地区戒毒所收治的1115例吸毒者(男性占44.9 % ,女性占55.1 % )进行调查。结果··:92.9 %(1036/1115)的吸毒者滥用的物质是海洛因 ,平均吸毒时间为5.2a±s3.4a ;70.6 %(730/1034)的吸毒者主要以静脉、肌肉注射方式滥用毒品 ,以注射方式吸毒平均时间为3.9a±s3.0a ;曾与1人以上共用不洁注射器者占89.2 %(651/730) ,主要共用对象是吸毒伙伴(占58.5%)。共用注射器的主要原因是认为“清洗过 ,注射器是干净的”(占50.3 %)。268例曾接受HIV检测 ,HIV检测阳性率为14.2 %。HIV阳性吸毒者艾滋病知识平均得分显著低于HIV阴性吸毒者的得分(t=30.18,P<0.05) ;4地区吸毒者艾滋病知识平均得分比较 ,以云南最高 ,新疆最低 ,差异具有显著性(F=10.78,P<0.05)。该群体中同2人或2人以上发生不正当性关系的占25.3 %(267/1054) ;有24.5 %(217/884)的人是为获取钱或毒品而同他人发生性行为关系。在753例应答者中 ,各种传染病的患病率是 :淋病占12.9 % ,梅毒占4.4 % ,尿道炎占34.7 % ,尖锐湿疣占4.8 % ,生殖器疱疹占5.3 % 。

Objective: To survey and identify the knowledge and risk behaviors concerning HIV/AIDS among drug abusers. Method: The survey was carried out among drug abusers in Yunnan, Xinjiang, Hubei and Beijing during January 1999 to March 1999. A self-reported questionnaire, which needs approximately 30 minutes to be completed, was administered in detoxification settings. All individuals were requested to complete the questionnaire independently without conferring with anyone else. Data analysis was dependent on the responses of different items. Result: Altogether 1115 drug abusers in 4 areas completed the questionnaire. Heroin was the most frequently abused drug(92.9%), and most of the abusers(70.6%) used drugs by iv or im injection routes. The mean duration of drug abuse was 5.2 a±s 3.4 a,and the mean length of time for injecting drugs was 3.9 a±s 3.0 a. Among 730 injecting drug abusers, 651(89.2%) had the behavior of sharing needles or syringes with someone else in the last 12 months. 38 HIV positive cases(14.2%) were found among 268 subjects who accepted HIV testing in 4 areas. The knowledge on AIDS was relatively poor among HIV positive cases and drug abusers from Xinjiang. The response to the question“During the past 12 months, have you been infected by transmitted diseases” showed that the rate of gonorrhea was 12.9%, Syphilis was 4.4%, condyloma was 4.8%, nongonococcal urethritis(NGU) was 34.7%, other STD was 3.9%, hepatitis was 31.6% and other communicable diseases(CD)was 11.3%. Conclusion: The majority of drug abusers had high risk behavior associated with HIV infection. The knowledge about AIDS was poor in HIV positive cases. The effective strategies should be adopted to prevent and intervene AIDS in high risk groups, particularly in intravenous injection drug abusers.