私法的基础:从个人主义走向合作主义

The Foundation of Private Law: From the Individualism to the Colla-borationism

中国私法学在借鉴两大法系私法制度和私法学说时,在很大程度上接受了支撑两大法系私法的个人主义认识论。近年来,个人主义认识论得到中国私法学者的系统阐述,并产生了较为广泛的影响。然而,个人主义过分侧重强调对既有私权的静态享有和安全保护,忽视了私有权利的动态生成机制,进而忽视了私人社会生活和私法的合作面向,即私人之间共同合作创造的过程。受此影响,个人主义认识论不仅无力对现有私法制度作出系统合理的解释,而且很可能成为中国私法学在两大法系传统智慧之外构想更优替代方案的绊脚石。中国私法学有必要认真对待私人社会生活的合作面向,在认识论上从个人主义走向合作主义。

At the time of borrowing the private law systems in both civil law system and common law system, the private law study in China has accepted the epistemology of individualism in certain degrees. In recent years, the epistemology of individualism has been systematically discussed by Chinese scholars of private laws, and produces extensive influences. However, the individualism excessively emphasizes the static enjoyment and security protection on the private rights, rather than the generative mechanism of private rights and the cooperation between the private social life and the private law, which is also the procedure of cooperating and creating between individuals. As a result, the epistemology of individualism can neither reasonably and systemically explain the contemporary system of private law, nor help the private law system in China to explore a better alternative solution. It is necessary for the private law study in China to seriously consider the cooperation between individuals＇ private social lives, and replace the epistemology of individualism with the epistemology of colla-borationism.