非政府组织在国际组织中影响力的决定性因素

The Determinants of NGOs' Influence on International Organizations

二战结束后,特别是20世纪70年代以来,非政府组织得到空前发展。它们广泛地参与各种国际组织的活动,影响着国际组织的议程设置和决策结果,成为国际社会中的一支重要力量。作者试图在相对客观地评估非政府组织在国际组织中的影响力的基础上,探寻决定其影响力的关键变量,从而对非政府组织在不同国际组织中影响力存在差异的现象做出解释。作者提出并论证了以下理论假设:某个国际组织越趋近理想的服务型组织,非政府组织在该国际组织中的影响力就越大;非政府组织与某个国际组织的议题契合度越高,非政府组织在该国际组织中的影响力就越大。这一理论预期,非政府组织在世界银行中的影响力会高于非政府组织在世界贸易组织中的影响力。该预期得到了经验分析结果的支持。这一研究结果表明,只有非政府组织与国际组织的议题契合度较高,并且该组织属服务型组织的情况下,国家才能通过与非政府组织合作来影响国际组织议程和决策结果。

Since the end of World War Ⅱ,especially since 1970 s,non-governmental organizations(NGOs) have experienced an unprecedented development.They have participated extensively in the activities of various international organizations,influenced the agenda-setting and decision-making results of international organizations,and played a significant role in international community.This article attempts to explore the determinants of NGOs' influence on international organizations,thus explaining the variation of NGOs' influence on different international organizations based on a relatively objective assessment of NGOs' influence.This article argues the following theoretical hypotheses:1) the more an international organization is similar to an ideal service organization,the higher NGOs' influence on that international organization is;2) the higher NGOs' issue-matching degree with an international organization is,the higher NGOs' influence in that international organization is.This theory expects that NGOs' influence on World Bank would be higher than that in World Trade Organization.This expectation is supported by the results of empirical analysis.This research finding suggests that states can influence the agenda-setting and decision-making results of international organizations by cooperating mutually with NGOs only when the international organization that NGOs intend to influence belongs to service organizations and NGOs' issue-matching degree with that international organization is relatively high.