领导人人格特点与中国外交研究

Bridging Leaders' Personality and China's Foreign Policy Studies

为探寻中国外交研究的新视角,作者将政治心理学中的人格类型理论与中国对外政策研究相结合,以毛泽东和邓小平的人格特点为例,探讨中国领导人的人格特点差异与新中国外交变化和转型的关系,分析人格理论与中国外交研究结合的可能性和意义。结论表明,对于中国对外政策研究来说,人格类型理论为中国外交研究提供了新的视角和具有可操作性的工具,为中国外交研究提供了进行比较研究的国际视野,克服其他理论视角对中国对外政策研究的一些盲点,更好地解释新中国历史上中国对时代主题、对世界的基本态度、对主要大国政策以及对地区政策调整和变化的动因,更全面、更深入地理解中国对外政策的中国特色。将人格理论与中国对外政策研究相结合也适应对外政策分析理论建设的趋势,有助于为对外政策分析理论建设贡献中国元素和中国经验,发展一种超越西方外交实践的更为广泛的对外政策分析理论。作者在结论部分提出一种中国对外政策研究的综合性分析框架。这种框架将领导人作为研究核心,同时也不忽视其他影响因素的作用。

To explore an alternative perspective in studying China's diplomacy,this paper tries to bridge personality type in political psychology and Chinese foreign policy.Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping are used as examples to reveal the correlation between the differences of leadership personality and the changes and transformation of Chinese foreign policy.It demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of such combinations.The result shows that the framework of personality type provides a new roadmap and an operationalized tool in studying Chinese foreign policy,helps to integrate Chinese foreign policy studies more fully into the field of comparative foreign policy analysis.The perspective of individuals can better explain the changes in China's understanding of the main themes of international relations,its general international orientation,its policy toward superpowers as well its policy toward small countries and regions,offering a more comprehensive picture of China's foreign policy.Such a combination also helps overcome the black holes of other theories in studying Chinese foreign policy.Another benefit of such a combination is that it helps contribute Chinese experiences and factors to the construction of foreign policy analysis theories that go beyond western diplomatic practice.In the end,this paper proposes an integrated approach in studying Chinese foreign policy which brings leadership personality back to the center while taking into account of other levels of analysis.