跨国垄断资本与世界政治的新变化

World Politics and International Relations under Transnational Monopoly

从马克思主义角度来看,世界经济是世界政治和国际关系的基础。由于经济全球化,世界经济已经发生了深刻变化,这种全球经济不同于第一次世界大战前的生产国内集中和垄断资本民族化的特征,由此也带来了世界政治和国际关系的新变化。作者分析了当今经济全球化下世界经济的新特点以及相应的世界政治和国际关系的新变化,提出跨国生产和跨国金融替代了传统的民族的生产和金融,跨国垄断是目前世界经济最主要的特征。由此跨国垄断资本正在塑造一种全球意义上的"资本帝国"。在这种跨国垄断资本的集体统治下,虽然民族国家仍然存在,但国家正在经受跨国资本的改造,不仅国家的形态正在发生变化,政府功能也在相应地发生变化以适应世界经济的要求;资本主义传统意义的帝国主义由于跨国垄断资本形成发生了变化,传统的大国权力竞争受到了跨国垄断资本的制约和调节;但非西方大国和发展中国家面临着巨大的全球秩序规训压力;目前,跨国资本正力图按自己的要求推进全球政治与安全治理,而且正在强化着全球社会治理。

From the Marxist point of view,world economy is the foundation of world politics and international relations.The paper holds that owing to economic globalization,profound changes have taken place in the world economy,which makes sharp contrast with the economy prior to the First World War,characterized by transnational production and finance that replaced the high concentration of domestic production and finance at the level of nation-state.But transnational production and finance are under the control of transnationally monopolistic capital.Transnational monopoly is becoming the most important feature.Accordingly,world politics and international relations get a new look.The paper analyzes the new changes;the transnationally monopolistic capital is forming an Empire of Capital at global level,or a collective rule of transnational capital,under which,(1) although nation-states still exist in the world order,the form of states is experiencing change and the functions of the governments are being redefined due to requirements of globally monopolistic capital,(2) the imperialism in the form of traditional capitalism has been transformed and traditional competition among great powers(esp.capitalist great powers) for power is weakened,(3) nonWestern great powers and developing countries are facing increasingly pressure of discipline that they did not face during the Cold War era,(4) transnational capital,while transforming global governance in the dimensions of politics and security,is trying to promote a structure of global governance in the dimension of society as it wishes.