24省市农村居民心理卫生状况的调查与分析

Mental health status of rural residents in 24 provinces of China

目的：调查农村居民的心理卫生状况。方法采用心理健康测查表（PHI）对735名农村居民进行调查及相关因素分析。结果：农村居民的各因子分均高于常模;不同年龄群体的躯体化（t=-3.23,P〈0.01）、抑郁（t=-2.51,P〈0.05）、兴奋状态（t=2.77,P〈0.01）差异具有统计学意义,40岁及以上的人口躯体化和抑郁分值较高,40岁以下的人口兴奋状态分值较高;不同身体状况群体的躯体化（t=3.89,P〈0.01）、抑郁（t=2.12,P〈0.05）、焦虑（t=3.72,P〈0.01）、疑心（t=2.83,P〈0.01）、脱离现实（t=2.21,P〈0.05）差异具有统计学意义,健康者明显高于疾病者。不同婚姻状况、文化程度群体的躯体化（婚姻F=6.46,P〈0.05）（文化F=3.33,P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,已婚者和初中以下文化程度者躯体化分值最高;不同家庭收入的脱离现实（F=3.12,P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,家庭人均年收入在2 000~6 000元者脱离现实分值最高;不同家庭人口的躯体化（F=4.72,P〈0.01）、兴奋状态（F=3.73,P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,5人以上家庭成员的躯体化分值最高,4人以下家庭成员的兴奋状态分值最高;不同家庭结构的抑郁（F=3.53,P〈0.05）、病态人格（F=3.24,P〈0.05）、兴奋状态（F=7.48,P〈0.01）差异有统计学意义,一代人口的家庭中抑郁和兴奋状态分值最高、三代同堂的家庭中分值最低,二代人口的家庭中病态人格分值最高、三代同堂的家庭中分值最低。心理卫生水平与年龄、婚姻、文化程度、家庭、身体状况具有相关性。结论：农村居民的心理卫生水平显著低于正常人,年龄、婚姻、文化程度、家庭、身体状况影响农村居民的心理卫生水平。

Objective To explore the mental health status of rural residents.Methods Investigation and analysis were made of correlative factors among 735rural residents by Psychological Health Inventory（PHI）.Results There was statistical significance on factor of PHI as compared with norm.There were significant differences in somatization（t=-3.23,P0.01）,depression（t=-2.51,P0.05）and hypomania（t=2.77,P0.01）among people with different ages. The scores of somatization and depression were higher in those aged 40and over,while the score of hypomania was higher in those below 40years of age.There were significant differences in somatization（t=3.89,P0.01）,depression（t=2.12,P0.05）,anxiety（t=3.72,P0.01）,hypochondria（t=2.83,P0.01）,unrealistic item（t=2.21,P 0.05）among people with different physical conditions.Healthy people were significantly better than the sick.There were significant differences in somatization（Marriage F=6.46,P0.05）（Culture F=3.33,P0.05）among people of different marital status and educational level.The score of somatization was highest in married ones and those whose educational level was below junior high school.There were significant differences in unrealistic item（F=3.12,P0. 05）among people of different family incomes.The score of unrealistic item was highest among those whose annual percapita income in the family was within 2-6thousand RMB.There were significant differences in somatization（F=4. 72,P0.01）,hypomania（F=3.73,P0.05）among families with different members.The score of somatization was highest in families with more than 5family members,while the score of hypomania was highest in families with less than 4family members.There were significant differences in depression（F=3.53,P0.05）,psychopathic deviate（F =3.24,P0.05）,hypomania（F=7.48,P0.01）of families with different family structures.The scores of depression and hypomania were the highest in families with one generation and were the lowest in families with three generations.The score of psychopathic deviate was the highest in families with two generations and was the lowest in families with three generations.Mental health was significantly correlated with age,marital status,education,family,and physical conditions.Conclusions The mental health of rural residents was significantly lower than that of the average,which was affected by age,marital status,education,family,and physical conditions.