当代印度政府提高粮食生产的政策研究

Modern Indian government improving grain production's policy research

独立以来,作为世界上第二人口大国的印度,历届政府都极其关注粮食问题,从尼赫鲁政府的土地改革到后来的绿色革命等,印度政府采取一系列措施增加粮食产量,取得相当大的成就。一个最显著的成果是到20世界70年代末,印度在低水平上实现了粮食自给。粮食是农业的基础,粮食可持续发展是农业可持续发展的基础,农业可持续发展是一国经济增长的基础。在这个背景下,研究印度独立以来解决粮食生产问题,分析其成败得失,不仅对印度粮食安全和农业发展有着重要的意义,而且对广大发展中国家包括中国在内,都有现实的借鉴意义,也可丰富发展经济学的相关研究。

India, a country with the second largest population in the world paid close attention on grain problems since its independence, The previous govern- ments adopted a lot of measures for improving grain output, such as the land reform and the green revolution of Nehru government, which made great achievements. One of the most remarkable achievements at that time was that it realized the grain self-support in late 1970s. Grain is the foundation of agriculture and the continuous development of grain is the base of continuous development of agriculture, while the continu- ous development of agriculture is the foundation of national economic growth. In this case, it not only has great significance for India＇s grain safety and agri- culture development, but it can also provide realistic experience for developing countries as well as China for researching how the Indian government solve the grain production problem and analyzing its gains and losses, which can also enrich the research on develop- mental economics.