449例老年住院死亡患者的死因构成分析

Analysis of death cause among 449 senior inpatients

目的了解北京友谊医院老年住院死亡患者的诊断和全死因,以探讨威胁老年人生命的主要危险因素。方法收集北京友谊医院老年医学科2009-2013年60岁以上老年住院患者(2 910例)及住院死亡患者(449例)的病历资料,分析住院患者一般情况、相关诊断,探讨疾病构成和死因构成情况。结果导致死亡的直接原因,按顺位分别为肺部感染(175例,38.97%)、恶性肿瘤(162例,36.08%)、心血管疾病(50例,11.14%)、脑血管疾病(22例,4.90%)、消化系统疾病(19例,4.23%)、泌尿系统疾病(11例,2.45%)及其他(10例,2.23%)。随着年龄的增长肺部感染和恶性肿瘤导致死亡的危险逐渐增高。结论肺部感染和恶性肿瘤是影响长寿的主要因素。应重视老年人预防肺部感染的宣教工作,加强消化系统和肺部恶性肿瘤的早期筛查,对于老年晚期恶性肿瘤的相关治疗,重点应放在提高生存质量上。加强对心脑血管病危险因素的控制可以长期有效地减少相关死亡。

Objective To analyze the cause of death among senior inpatients in Beijing,and to discuss the major risk factors threaten the life of the elderly. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among senior patients aged over 60years hospitalized between 2009to 2013in Beijing Frienship Hospital.Their clinical data were retrieved and analyzed in terms of general health condition,disease diagnosis and cause of death. Results Data of a total 2 910inpatients and 449dead cases were analyzed and the analysis showed that the most common cause of death was pulmonary infection（175cases,38.97%）,followed by malignant tumor（162cases, 36.08%）,cardiovascular disease（50cases,11.14%）,cerebrovascular disease（22cases,4.90%）,digestive system disease（19cases,4.23%）,urinary system disease（11cases,2.45%）and others（10cases, 2.23%）.The risks of death caused by pulmonary infection and malignant tumor increased gradually along with age. Conclusions Pulmonary infection and malignant tumor are major causes of death among senior inpatients.Therefore,specific health education focusing on the prevention of pulmonary infection as well as early screening and treatment for malignant tumors should be strengthened.Meanwhile,effective control of risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may significantly reduce the death rate.