北京市公务员健康知识和行为现状调查

A survey of health-related knowledge and behaviors of public servants in Beijing

目的了解北京市公务员健康相关知识和行为,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样,在北京市选取了朝阳区、丰台区、西城区,每区选1-2家公务员单位,共选取4家公务员单位,对抽中单位中18-60岁的所有在职工作人员进行自填式的问卷调查。结果共调查公务员1 100人,其中,男性620人,女性480人。女性公务员对被动吸烟有害健康、饮酒对健康的影响、每日应摄入食盐量、水果不能替代蔬菜、体育锻炼原则及体育锻炼适合程度的知晓率均高于男性公务员（P〈0.05）。调查对象吸烟率为22.27%（245人）,饮酒率为70.55%（776人）,其中,男性吸烟率为32.90%（204人）,高于女性的8.54%（41人）,男性饮酒率为78.06%（484人）,高于女性的60.83%（292人）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;男性每日定时进食三餐率和每日吃早餐率均低于女性（P〈0.05）。调查对象不良工作方式比例较高,加班频率≥1次/周的比例为81.73%（899人）,每日工作时间〉8h的比例为80.36%（884人）。男性公务员每日工作时间〉8h、熬夜频率≥1次/周、自感工作压力大的比例均高于女性公务员（P〈0.05）。结论公务员人群的健康相关行为和工作方式情况不容乐观,有必要开展有针对性的健康教育和健康干预,以提高公务员人群的自我保健意识与技能。

Objective To assess the quality of health-related knowledge and behaviors of public servants in Beijing,and to provide evidence for developing effective intervention. Methods Public servants aged 18to 60 years were randomly selected using stratified cluster sampling method from 4institutions in Beijing,and a questionnaire survey was conducted which focused on their socio-demographic status,life style,as well as the nature of work. Results A total of 1 100public servants were surveyed,including 620males and 480females.The awareness rate of female servants was higher than that of their male peers in terms of the harm of passive smoking to health,negative effect of drinking,the amount of daily salt intake,the unreplacement of vegetables by fruits,principles of physical activity and appropriate intensity of physical exercise（P〈0.05）. The overall smoking rate and drinking rate were 22.27% and 70.55%,which were both significantly higher among male subjects as compared to female counterparts（32.90% vs 8.54%;78.06% vs 60.83%, P〈0.05）.Female servants were more likely to eat breakfast and have their daily meals on time.The survey also found that 81.73% of participants overworked at least one time a week and 80.36% worked longer than 8 hours per day,especially among male public servants in which the percentage of self-rated working stress was also higher（P〈0.05）. Conclusions Majority of public servants in Beijing do not have healthy life styles and their health related behaviors are far from being satisfied,therefore,health education and other interventions are necessary for public servant to improve their awareness and skills of self-care.