广州市海珠区2008-2013年风疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2013

目的分析广州市海珠区2008-2013年风疹的流行病学特征,为制定预防控制风疹的策略提供参考。方法通过对中国疾病监测信息报管理告系统收集风疹发病资料,应用描述流行病学方法分析。结果广州市海珠区2008-2013年共报告风疹病例355例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为3.70/10万,不同年份之间报告的发病率有统计学差异（χ2=606.157,P〈0.05）,各街道均有病例报告,发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰在3-7月份,占全年的70.99%;男女性别比为0.92：1,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.118,P〉0.05）;发病人群以15-40岁人群为主,占总人数的77.75%,育龄期妇女占女性发病人数的81.08%。发病主要集中在学生。患者中无风疹成份疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详者占85.63%。结论海珠区风疹发病率仍较高,应加强监测及提高重点人群疫苗的接种覆盖率以预防控制风疹的爆发,减少先天性风疹综合症（CRS）的发生。

Objective To learn rubella epidemiological characteristics in Haizhu Distric of Guangzhou from2008 to 2013and to provide basis of rubella control in Haizhu District. Methods Rubella epidemiology characteristics was analyzed bydescriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 355 rubella cases were reported from various areas in Haizhu district and nodeath case was found. The annual average incidence rate was 3.70/100 000 and there was no significant difference in theincidence during 2008 to 2013（P〈0.05）. The peak incidence of rubella usually occurred during March to June（70.99%）.The ratio of male and female was 0.92∶1（P〈0.05）,The highest incidence was reported in patients aged 15 to 40（77.75%）, and fertile woman accounted for 88.08% of the female cases. The outbreak was mainly found in schools.85.63% of thepatients had no or unclear rubella vaccination history. Conclusion The epidemic situation of rubella in Haizhu District wasserious.The disease monitoring and vaccine coverage of susceptible population should be strengthened for preventing therubella outbreaks and the congenital rubella syndrome.