口腔科患者医院感染的危险因素及预防措施

Risk factors of hospital infections in department of stomatology and the preventive measures

目的探讨口腔科患者医院感染的危险因素及预防对策,为控制其医院感染的发生,改善患者生活质量提供理论依据。方法选取200例口腔科患者进行回顾性分析,将其按照就诊时期分为预防前组及预防后组,每组患者各100例,并对预防措施实施前后科室医务人员进行皮肤细菌检测,研究导致感染的原因及预防对策。结果预防前组患者发生医院感染7例,感染率为7.0%,预防后组发生医院感染1例,感染率为1.0%,两组患者感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素回归分析显示,口腔器械污染、诊疗环境污染、医用水污染、无菌观念不强及医疗垃圾处理不当,均为导致口腔科患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05);医务人员皮肤细菌总数超标预防前组3人,超标率30.0%,预防后组皮肤细菌总数超标率为0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对口腔器械污染、诊疗环境污染、医用水污染、无菌观念不强及医疗垃圾处理不当等口腔科患者发生医院感染的危险因素,应加强医院感染宣教、消毒灭菌工作和医务人员防护意识,以降低感染发生率,确保诊疗质量。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of the department of stomatology of hospital infections and preventive measures, so as to control the department of stomatology of hospital infections, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of the patients. METHODS A total of 200 eases of patients in the department of stomatology, were analyzed retrospectively and divided into the former prevention group and the later prevention group based on their clinical period, and each group with 100 patients. The bacterial skin detec- tion to medical personnel before and after the implementation of preventive measures were performed to study the reasons and prevention measures of infections. RESULTS There were 7 eases had hospital infections, accounting to 7.0% in former prevention group, while there was 1 ease in later prevention group, accounting to 1.0%, and the difference between both groups were statistical significance（P〈0.05）. Multiple regression analysis showed that, the dental instruments contaminated, polluted environment of diagnosis and treatment, water pollution, not strong enough medical sterile concept and medical waste disposal were the leading independent risk factors of hospital infections in the department of stomatology （P〈0.05）. The former prevention group had 3 medical staff with exceeding bacteria on skin, exceeded the standard rate of 30.0%, and there was 0 case in later prevention group and the difference was significance （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSIONS As dental instruments contaminated, polluted environment of diagnosis and treatment, water pollution, not strong enough medical sterile concept and medical waste disposal are the risk factors to hospital infections, the publicity of hospital infections and the preventive concepts in medical staff should should be strengthened, in order to reduce the rate of infections, to ensure the quality of diagnosis and treatment.