外表自尊对完美主义与心理健康中介作用

Mediation effect of appearance self-esteem on relationship between perfectionism and mental health

目的探讨外表自尊对外表完美主义与心理健康的中介作用。方法应用外表满意度量表(PSS)、社交外表焦虑量表(SAAS)、外表完美主义量表(PAPS)、外表自尊量表(ASES)、外表压力量表(ASS)及体像担忧问卷(BICI)对120名整形美容受术者在术前1 d进行问卷调查,并对数据进行相关和回归分析。结果整形美容受术者担心不美与社交外表焦虑、外表压力及体像担忧均呈正相关(r=0.673、0.590、0.610,P<0.01),与外表总体满意、相貌满意、身材满意及外表自尊均呈负相关(r=-0.536、-0.550、-0.388、-0.354,P<0.01);外表自尊与外表总体满意、相貌满意、身材满意均呈正相关(r=0.436、0.309、0.479,P<0.01),与社交外表焦虑、担心不美、外表压力及体像担忧均呈负相关(r=-0.392、-0.354、-0.592、-0.264,P<0.01);担心不美、外表自尊、心理健康各维度之间存在明显相关关系(P<0.01);回归分析显示,外表自尊是担心不美与外表总体满意度、身材满意度、社交外表焦虑及外表压力之间的不完全中介变量,引入外表自尊后,标准回归系数分别由0.536、0.388、0.673和0.590降为0.436、0.250、0.610和0.435(P<0.01);外表自尊在担心不美与相貌满意度及体像担忧之间不存在中介作用;希望完美与外表自尊虽然相关,但与其他心理健康指标不相关,不存在中介作用。结论外表自尊在外表完美主义与外表心理健康之间起部分中介作用,外表自尊能较好地缓解外表消极心理,提高外表积极心理水平。

Objective To explore the mediation of appearance self-esteem between physical appearance perfectionism and mental health. Methods A total of 120 persons receiving plastic and anesthetic surgery were surveyed with Physical Satisfaction Scale（ PSS ）, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale （ SAAS ）, Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale （ PAPS）, Appearance Self-Esteem Scale （ ASES ）, Appearance Stress Scale （ ASS ）, and Body Image Concern Inventory （BICI） on the day before the operation. The data were analyzed with hierarchical regression and correlation. Results Significant positive correlations were found between worry about imperfection and social appearance anxiety, appearance stress, and body image concern （ r = 0. 673,0. 590,0,610;P 〈 0. 01 for all） and significant negative correlations were found between worry about imperfection and general physical satisfaction, facial satisfaction, figure satisfaction, and ap- pearance self-esteem （ r = - 0. 536, - 0. 550, - 0. 385, - 0. 354 ;P 〈 0. 01 for all）. Significant positive correlations were found between appearance self-esteem and general physical satisfaction, facial satisfaction and figure satisfaction （ r = 0. 436,0. 309,0. 479 ; P 〈 0. 01 for all） and significant negative correlations were found between appearance self-es- teem and social appearance anxiety, worry about imperfection, appearance stress, and body image concern （ r = - 0. 392, - 0. 354, - 0. 592, - 0,264 ; P 〈 0. 01 for all）. Significant correlations were found among worry about imperfection, ap- pearance self-esteem,and mental health（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The appearance self-esteem partially mediated the ralationships be- tween worry about imperfection and general physical satisfaction, social appearance anxiety, figure satisfactions and ap- pearance stress; and after introducing appearance self-esteem, the standardized coefficients were reduced from 0. 536, 0. 388,0. 673, and 0. 590 to 0. 436,0. 250,0. 610, and 0. 435, respectively, with significant difference （P 〈 0. 01 for all）. The appearance self-esteem did not mediate the ralationships between worry about imperfection and facial satisfaction, body image concern. There was no mediation of appearance self-esteem between hope for perfection and mental health because no correlation between hope for perfection and other mental health was observed. Conclusion The appearance self-esteem partially mediates the ralationship between physical appearance perfectionism and mental health, and it could soothe the appearance-related negative mental problems effectively and improve the appearance-related positive mental health.