基于福利视角的不同减排政策比较研究

The Comparative Analysis about Different Abatement Policies in View of Welfare

从福利角度对气候保护支出和碳税政策进行比较研究。研究发现,碳税征收能有效降低单位GDP的碳强度,提高可再生能源比例。与气候保护支出政策相比,碳税能够通过降低减排成本来提高社会总福利,但碳税征收会降低居民和企业福利,需要通过提高政府转移进行返还支付的方式增加福利水平,结合返还的碳税政策效果更好但增加了减排成本。比较而言,起征碳税定在20元/tCO2最为合适。出于预算约束的考虑,建议优先返还居民。

The paper compared carbon tax policy with climate protection expenditure policy in view of welfare. Results from the computable genera/equilibrium model showed carbon tax policy could efficiently cut the carbon - intensity per unit GDP and raise the ratio of renewable power. Compared with climate protection expenditure amount, carbon tax policy could reduce the abatement cost and raise the general social welfare. Since the carbon collection would hurt the welfares of households and firms, the article designed a return plan which paid back the tax revenue through transfers from government to diminish the hurt. The new mechanism appeared better in declining the carbon intensity, raising the renewable power proportion, improving the industrial structure and reducing the emission amount, while it increased the abatement cost. According to the results, the initial carbon tax should be priced at 20yuan/tCO2. Due to the budget constraint, the households should get prior refund.