台湾大学与台北城市关系演进研究

Study on Historical Process of Changing Relationship between National Taiwan University and Taipei City

本文由一个城市中的大学——台湾大学与台北市之间关系改变的历史过程，分析校园与城市的关系。首先，作为一个殖民大学，其与殖民城市的关系表现为权力层级与空间隔离，这是殖民依赖性的再现。台北帝国大学的校园与台北城市中心的空间都已经不是点的表现，它们的巴洛克轴线是东京的殖民权力与政治意志在台北的延伸线，未来进一步向南洋延伸的准备，成就为一种殖民的空闻表征。其次，“二战”后到1980年代前，在都市化过程中台北帝国大学校园逐渐成为台北市城区的一部分，作为都市交通网络中的重要节点，校园与城市彼此相互延伸。校园是政治城市中的都市开放空间，同时校园也以一点学院神圣性想象的缝隙空间往社会延伸，此外，这也是市民社会所想象的空间表征。最后，1980年代后，先是校园规划的作用，到了1990年代之后，全球城市的学院网络跨越校园，这些因素定义了校园与城市的关系，也推动了教育商品化、技术竞争化以及校园缙绅化。所以，在前述台湾大学与台北市之间关系的改变，分析校园与城市的关系的基础上，空间由隔离与延伸、彼此延伸，到网络中的流动空间过渡，这些不同空间的表征，其实是大学与社会关系改变的表现。在转变的历史过程中，大学的角色与作用为不同脉络之下国家不同的教育政策所推动，大学校园也为其所塑造；而城市，亦为国家都市与区域政策所塑造。在这个历史过程中，大学校园与城市空间都分别被定义，被不同的作用者给予意义、自我定义，以及被赋予竞争意义。作者期待大学本身能就其角色与任务，提出深刻的反身性思考，这是现代大学本身生命力的考验。我们亟需学术帅才，反观自身，不拘一格，开创新局，重建校园与大学的出路。

This paper analyzes the relationship between the campus and the city through the historical process of changing relationship between National Taiwan University （NTU） and Taipei City. Firstly, as a colonial university, its relationship with the colonial city was reflected in power hierarchy and spatial segregation, which was the representation of colonial dependency. Both of the spaces of the campus and the urban center were no longer the expression of points; their Baroque axes were the extensions of the colonial power and political will in Taipei, which would further extend to Southeast Asia, thus being the spatial expression of colonization. Secondly, from the end of the Second World War to the 1980s, the NTU campus gradually became a part of the urban area of Taipei in the process of urbanization. As a node in the transportation network, the campus and the city extended into each other. The campus was the open space in the closed city of anti-communist political base, while it also extended into the society of Taiwan as an enclave space of sacred imagination of academy, which, on the other hand, was the spatial expression imagined by the civil society. Finally, the campus planning in the 1980s and the cross campus border academic networks of global cities in information age after the 1990s not only defined the relationship between the campus and the city, but also promoted the commodification of education, the competition of technology, and the gentrification of campus. Therefore, based on the above analysis, it could be seen that the spatial relationship transited from segregation and extension, to mutual extension, and to being the space of flows in the network, which in fact was the expressions of changing relations between the university and the society. The university and the campus have been shaped by education policies of the states in different context, while the city has also been shaped by the urban and regional policies of the states in different context. In the changing historical process of the campus and the city, the university campus and the urban space have been respectively defined, given meanings by themselves and different actors, and endowed competition significance. The author expects that the university could conduct in-depth self-examination in view of its role and task, which should be the test of the vitality of modem universities, and hopes to find a way out for the university and the campus through the innovation of academic leaders.