我国中年人群心血管病主要危险因素流行现状及从80年代初至90年代末的变化趋势

Current status of major cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese populations and their trends in the past two decades

目的 研究我国心血管病主要危险因素的流行现状 ,并定量评估其从 80年代初至 90年代末的动态变化趋势。方法 采用“九五”横断面研究资料 ,并与“六五”和“八五”可比资料比较。结果 在 15组 35～ 5 9岁中年人群 :(1)各种危险因素均存在极大的人群差异 ;(2 )高血压总体趋势明显呈北方高于南方、城市高于农村和男性高于女性的流行趋势 ,高发区患病率已超过 40 % ;(3)血脂异常患病率主要表现为经济发达地区高于经济相对不发达地区 ,高发区患病率超过 30 % ;(4)超重率明显存在北方高于南方、经济发达地区高于经济相对不发达地区的流行规律 ;部分人群超重率已超过 5 0 % ,有的甚至超过 6 0 % ;(5 )吸烟率和饮酒率均表现为男性主导行为。 9组可比性中年人群资料显示 ,从 80年代初至 90年代末超重率和高胆固醇现患率男性分别上升了 137%和 88% ,女性分别上升了 95 %和 6 5 % ;高血压患病率和饮酒率也有明显上升 ;吸烟率逐步有所下降 ,但男性仍在 6 0 %以上。结论 必须尽快加强针对上述心血管病主要危险因素的控制工作 ,防患于未然。

Objective To evaluate quantitatively the current status of major cardiovascular risk factors in different populations of China and their secular trends in the past 2 decades. Methods In autumn of 1998,with international standardized examination and measurement, cross sectional sampling surveys were conducted in 15 research populations including southern and northern, urban and rural, residents, manual workers, farmers and fishermen in different parts of China. 15?395 participants, aged from 35 to 59 years, about 1?000 for each group, were recruited, half of them are males. Prevalences of major CVD risk factors were standardized to the WHO world standard population. Comparison were made for 9 population samples with comparable data in the early of 1980s and 1990s to observe the secular trends in the past 2 decades. Results The current status of major risk factors showed the following characteristics: (1)the prevalence differed greatly between population samples for all risk factors; (2)the prevalence of hypertension was generally higher in the north than in the south, higher in urban than in rural, and higher in male than in female, and was over 40 % for some populations; (3) The difference in prevalence of dislipidemia was dominant between populations in the areas with well developed and relatively undeveloped economy; and for some populations the prevalence was over 30%; (4) prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in the north than in the south, and higher in populations in the area with well developed economy than that in the area with relatively undeveloped economy, and was over 50% for some populations; (5) Smoking and alcohol drinking were still a behavior of male. The comparable data from 9 populations showed that in the past 2 decades there were great changes in all CVD risk factors. Prevalence of overweight and hypercholesterolemia increased steadily and significantly, by 137% and 88% for male and by 95% and 65% for female, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension increased 43% for male and 36% for female from early 1980s to early 1990s. Prevalence of alcohol drinking in male increased by 10%. Prevalence of smoking decreased significantly, but was still over 60% in male. Conclusion The current status and trends in CVD risk factors in the middle aged Chinese population suggests that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases will be increasing in China in the early 21st century, if CVD prevention and control are not reinforced.