小尺度回转体出水过程弹射试验系统设计

System design on small-scale solid of revolution exiting water test of scaled missiles

为了研究潜射导弹出水过程中肩尾空泡的运动特性及其对导弹出水运动姿态的影响,设计了一种可供实验室条件下使用的小尺度回转体出水过程弹射试验研究系统。该系统通过钟摆机构与活塞机构将摆球的重力势能转换为回转体的动能实现发射,利用高速摄像系统观测试验现象,分析弹体出水过程中肩尾空泡的动态特性及其对弹体运动姿态的影响,指出弹体垂直发射情况下带泡出水过程肩空泡具有较清晰的边界,表明利用边界元方法计算空泡特性的可行性,并且当发射具有初始攻角时,肩空泡迎背流面压差对于弹体形心产生回复力矩有利于导弹运动姿态的调整,对于导弹水下发射的水弹道设计具有参考价值。

To study the motion characteristics of the cavitation bubbles and their effects on motion attitudes of missiles during the process of submarine-launched missiles out of water, a new research system for test of small-scale solid of revolution going out of water which can be available under laboratory conditions is designed. The system transforms the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum into projectile kinetic energy by means of pendulum mechanism and the piston mechanism to realize launching, and use high-speed camera system to observe experimental phenomena and analyze motion characteristics of cavitation bubbles of shoulder and tail as well as their effects on motion attitudes of missiles during water exceeding process of missiles, a distinct boundary shows on the fore part of cavitation bubble of shoulders, and air masses falloff the closed cavitation bubble on the tail during the process, and restoring moment forms due to differential pressure between the incident-flow surface and the back-flow surface of the shoulders cavitation bubble to adjust the motion of missile, and this research of the system provides a reference for water ballistic design of underwater launching of missile.