孕期体质量增长区间对新生儿体质量的影响

Effect of body weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight

目的:探讨体质量增长区间对新生儿体质量的影响,为临床围产期的保健研究提供参考依据。方法:采用回顾性研究方法共纳入360例足月单胎儿及其母亲作为观察对象,对母亲孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕期体质量增长状况进行分析,并比较其妊娠结局及对新生儿出生体质量的影响。结果:孕前超重孕妇孕期体质量增长明显低于孕前低体质量及正常体质量孕妇(P<0.05),而孕前低体质量及正常体质量孕妇体质量增长比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);新生儿出生体质量及巨大儿出生率与孕前孕妇体质量呈正相关关系,孕前超重孕妇明显高于其他两组,正常体质量孕妇新生儿出生体质量及巨大儿出生率高于低体质量孕妇(P<0.05)。新生儿出生体质量、巨大儿出生率及剖宫产发生率与妊娠期体质量增长呈正相关关系,妊娠期体质量增长过多孕妇新生儿出生体质量、巨大儿出生率及剖宫产发生率明显高于体质量增长适宜及过少孕妇,体质量增长适宜孕妇明显高于体质量增长过少孕妇(P<0.05);妊娠期体质量增长过少孕妇低体质量新生儿出生率明显高于体质量增长适宜及过多孕妇(P<0.05)。孕妇最佳体质量增长区间的Cutoff值为16.0 kg,灵敏度为71.1%,特异度为97.1%。结论:新生儿出生体质量与孕妇孕期体质量增加区间存在密切的相关性,实际生活中孕妇孕期体质量增加区间控制在16.0 kg较为合适。

Objective： To explore the effect of body weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight, and provide reference for studying clinical perinatal health care. Methods： A total of 360 full - term neonates and their mothers of single pregnancy were selected as observation objects, and a retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze maternal pregestational body mass index （BMI） and body weight gain during pregnancy; the pregnancy outcomes and impacts on neonatal birth weight were compared. Results： Body weight gain during pregnancy in pregnant women with pregestational overweight was statistically significantly lower than those in pregnant women with preges- tational low and normal weight （P 〈 0. 05 ）, but there was no statistically significant difference in body weight gain during pregnancy between pregnant women with pregestational low weight and pregnant women with pregestational normal weight （ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; there was a positive correlation between neonatal birth weight, birth rate of maerosomia and pregestational body weight of pregnant women, neonatal birth weight and birth rate of macrosomia in pregnant women with pregestational overweight were statistically significantly higher than those in the other two groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, while neonatal birth weight and birth rate of maerosomia in pregnant women with normal weight were statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with low weight （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; there was a positive correlation between neonatal birth weight, birth rate of maerosomia, rate of cesarean section and body weight gain during pregnancy ; neonatal birth weight, birth rate of maerosomia and rate of cesarean section in pregnant women with excessive body weight gain during pregnancy were statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with appropriate and low body weight gain during pregnancy, while neonatal birth weight, birth rate of macrosomia and rate of cesarean section in pregnant women with appropriate body weight gain during pregnancy were statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with low body weight gain during pregnancy （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the birth rate of low weight neonates born by pregnant women with low body weight gain during pregnancy was statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with appropriate and excessive body weight gain during pregnancy （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity of body weight gain during pregnancy were 16. 0 kg, 71.1% and 97. 1%, respectively. Conclusion： There is a close correlation between neonatal birth weight and body weight gain during pregnancy, body weight gain during pregnancy controlled around 16.0 kg is appropriately in real life.