基于库容分区运用的水库群生态调度模型

A multi-reservoir ecological operation model based on subdivision application of reservoir storage capacities

在不影响防洪、供水等现有利益格局的前提下,通过改善水库调度方式、发挥库群联合调控作用,提高生态供水保证率,是当前中国北方缺水地区流域水资源管理中的重大科学问题。把河流生态系统作为一个独立用水户,制订多用户分区运用水库群调度模拟规则,同时考虑调度方案对生态与发电的影响,建立水资源系统仿真模型,结合保证各用户供水保证率最大且尽可能均衡的目标函数,构建基于库容分区运用的水库群生态调度模型。将模型应用于海河流域滦河水系,提出了现状供水条件下潘家口、大黑汀和桃林口三大水库联合调度方案,绘制了水库群分区运用调度图,评价了调度方案对水力发电和下游生态系统的影响。结果表明,所提出的模型有效,水库群生态调度方案较之现行调度,可在不降低兴利和防洪效益的前提下,将河流生态系统供水保证率由46.9%提高到93.8%,生态水文改变度指标改善明显。

On the premise of not affecting the existed interest patterns in the context of flood control and water supply, the major scientific issue before us is how to improve the supply guarantee rate of ecological water for northern China water scarce regions, through improving reservoir operation rules and maximizing efficiency in the joint operation for multi-reservoir systems. A multi-reservoir ecological operation model is developed based on the subdivision of reservoir storage capacities. The model treats the river ecosystem as an independent water user, and formulates a scheduling scheme for partitioning multi-reservoir storage capacities for multiple water users. The effect of the scheduling scheme on the ecology and power generation benefits is considered through the establishment of a simulation module for the river basin water resources system. The module is used in combination with an objective function for the development of multi-reservoir ecological operation model. The purpose of the objective function is to maximize the supply guarantee rates while ensuring a balance as possible among all water users. The multi-reservoir ecological operation model is applied to the Luanhe River system of Haihe River basin. As the result of the application, the scheduling scheme is proposed for the joint operation of three reservoirs including Panjiakou, Daheiting and Taolinkou under the existed water supply conditions. The operational chart is provided on subdivision of reservoir storage capacities. The effect of the scheduling scheme is evaluated on the downstream ecological system and power generation benefits. The proposed model is proven to be effective by overall modeling results. Comparing to the current scheduling scheme,the new scheduling scheme can significantly increase the supply guarantee rate of ecological water from 46.9% to 93.8%, while not affecting the existed interest patterns in the context of flood control and water supply. The index for measuring eco-hydrological changes is also improved significantly.