系统细节护理干预在预防脑外科重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者鼻饲并发症中的应用

Application of system details nursing intervention on the precaution of complications of nasal feeding in coma patients with severe brain injury in the department of neurosurgery

目的探讨系统细节护理干预对预防脑外科重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者鼻饲并发症的效果，以便更好地为患者服务。方法2010年3月—2013年2月，共收治重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者212例，将此212例患者作为观察组，回顾性分析2008年5月—2010年1月收治的重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者175例作为对照组。对照组采用常规护理方法，观察组在常规护理方法的基础上采用系统细节护理干预。比较两组患者的营养状况和患者鼻饲并发症的发生率。结果对照组发生营养不良9例，占5．14％，观察组0例，观察组患者的营养状况优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（x2=5．127，P〈0．05）。对照组发生鼻饲并发症41例，占23．43％，观察组22例，占10．38％，观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（x2=4．907，P〈0．05）。结论系统细节护理干预能够有效降低鼻饲并发症的发生，在保证患者营养供给的同时提高了护理质量，帮助患者尽快恢复健康。

Objective To explore the effect of system details nursing intervention on the precaution of complications of nasal feeding in coma patients with severe brain injury in the department of neurosurgery so as to serve the patients better. Methods Two hundred and twelve coma patients with severe brain injury from March 2010 to February 2013 were chosen as the observation group, and the 175 patients from May 2008 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed as the control group. The control group received the routine nursing, and the observation group received the system details nursing intervention on the basis of the routine nursing. The nutritional status and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The cases of malnutrition in the control group were 9 cases （5.14%） , and were 0 ease in the observation group, and the nutritional status in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （ X2 = 5. 127, P 〈 0.05 ）. The cases of nasal feeding complications in the control group were 41 cases （23.43%） , and were significantly higher than 22 cases （ 10.38% ） in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant （ X2 = 4. 907, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The system details nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of nasal feeding complications, and improve the quality of nursing and ensure the supply of nutrients, and helps the patients to recover as soon as possible.