重新审思卡尔纳普与库恩的科学观

Rethinking the Views of Science of Carnap and Kuhn

近年来,卡尔纳普与库恩的科学观之间的关系得到重新认识。卡尔纳普不仅对库恩的《科学革命的结构》高度认可,而且在他的哲学中蕴含着强烈的后实证主义思想。特别是,卡尔纳普与库恩在科学观上显示出高度的类似性:一方面,库恩的范式类似于卡尔纳普的科学理论;另一方面,库恩对辞典构造的看法又与卡尔纳普对语言框架的认识极为相像,因此,他们对科学革命自然会有几乎同样的看法,均认为科学革命主要通过范式(理论)变革或辞典(语言)改变的方式出现。

In recent years the relationship between the views of science of Carnap and Kuhn has been reconsidered. Carnap not only appreciates highly Kuhn's The Structure of Scientifi c Revolutions, but also entails rich ideas of post-positivism in his philosophy. In particular, the views of science of Carnap and Kuhn share considerable similarities. On the one hand, Kuhn's paradigms are akin to Carnap's scientifi c theories. On the other hand, Kuhn's ideas about the construction of dictionaries are extremely analogous to Carnap's views of linguistic frameworks. It is not at all surprising, therefore, that their characterizations of scientifi c revolutions are almost identical. Both ofthem claim that scientifi c revolutions take place either by the change of paradigm(theory), or by the change of dictionary(language).