金银花和山银花的鉴别与归属研究

Identification and attribution of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicera Flos

目的利用多种方法对金银花和山银花进行鉴别,其中山银花以灰毡毛忍冬为基源,寻找差异性状,以及对2种药材的归属问题进行探讨。方法采用生物学性状比较、扫描电镜观察花表皮结构、标识成分(绿原酸、木犀草苷、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙、川续断皂苷乙)差异对金银花(忍冬)和山银花(灰毡毛忍冬)进行鉴别,结合历史使用情况及市场现状对2种药材基于《中国药典》收载的归属进行分析讨论。结果忍冬花基部含有大形的叶状苞片,花外表皮具有较多的头部倒圆锥形腺毛,未检测到灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙成分;而灰毡毛忍冬花基部无明显苞片,花外表面几乎未发现腺毛,含有灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙特征成分。结论花基部叶状苞片、花外表皮腺毛、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙2个特征成分可以作为区分忍冬和灰毡毛忍冬的鉴别依据。

Objective To identify Lonicerae daponicae Flos and Lonicera Flos with various methods, using Lonicera japonica to represent Lonicera Flos for searching the different characteristics and discussing their attribution. Methods An identification method on the basis of biological character comparison, structure observation of the flower epidermal by using SEM, and difference comparison of the marked components （chlorogenic acid, galu teolin, macranthoidin B, dipsacoside B） was established. The attribution of the two herbs on the account of Chinese Pharmacopoeia was discussed according to the historic using status and the present market situation. Results In L. japonica, plenty of glandular hairs with turbinate top in flower epidermis and large leafy bracts in the bottom of flower were observed. Macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B were not detected. But in L. macranthoides, there were few leafy bracts and glandular hairs, and macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B were detected. Conclusion Leafy bracts in the bottom of flower, glandular hairs in flower epidermis, and two characteristic components （macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B） could be used as basis for the identification of L. japonica and L. macranthoides.