精神疾病患者强制医疗的证明标准研究

Studies on Standard of Proof in Involuntary Treatment of Mental Patients

证明标准是强制医疗程序中的关键问题。在美国,一般以"清晰和令人信服"标准作为非自愿治疗最低限度的证明标准,从而排除适用民事案件的"优势证据"标准。我国《精神卫生法》并未建立强制医疗司法审查模式,而是由精神卫生机构行使强制医疗的决定权,强制医疗决定程序中的证明责任和证明标准问题均被淡化。在刑事强制医疗诉讼中,则应根据不同的证明内容设置不同的证明标准。

The standard of proof is a key issue in involuntary medical treatment procedures. In United States, generally, the minimum standard of proof in involuntary treatment is ＂clear and convincing evidence＂ standard, not ＂preponderance of the evidence＂ standard used in civil cases. China＇s Mental Health Law has not established a judicial review system for involuntary medical treatment. Instead, the decision-making power of involuntary treatment is exercised by mental health institutions. As a result, no emphasis has been put on burden of proof and standard of proof in involuntary medical treatment process. Nonetheless, in criminal involuntary medical treatment lawsuits, for different types of objects of proof, different standards of proof shall be established and used.