“生态可损耗配额”:生态文明建设的核心机制

“Eco-loss Quotas”:A Key Mechanism of Construction of Ecological Civilization

可持续发展与生态文明的本质内涵是:人类经济社会活动规模不得突破维持地球生态系统可持续性的"承载力",生态承载力决定了"全球生态可损耗规模"的限额,进而决定了各个区域的"生态可损耗配额"。"生态可损耗配额",是生态文明建设的核心机制:(1)宏观经济发展目标与政策应以其作为前置约束条件;(2)发展评价方面,则应以其作为经济—生态双赢、EKC曲线生态质量改善、生态公平是否真实的评判依据;(3)微观层面应以"消费碳票"为约束形成生态友好型需求偏好,并形成引导生产者行为的生态文明微观基础;(4)市场机制层面,应以此作为形成生态价格与交易进而提高生态效率的现实基础。将之转化为具体的实践政策,国家在制定中长期经济社会发展规划时,应以"生态可损耗配额"作为顶层约束;在政策制定时,应对其是否突破生态承载力的影响进行评估;在消费领域,可对住房、汽车等消费品试行"碳票"制度。

Ecological carrying capacity determines the limits of ecological loss, and thus determines the scale of a economy. So, ＂eco-loss quotas＂ is a key of construction of ecological civilization. ＂Eco-loss quota＂ should be the constraints of development goals and policy of a macro-economy; ＂carbon quota＂ should be the constraints of consumer and producer behavior. The quota should be the basis to form the trading price of eco-goods, and thus improve ecological efficiency.