美、德体育政策嬗变的经验与启示

Experience and Revelation from the Evolution of Sports Policies of the United States and Germany

运用文献资料和比较分析等研究方法,对美、德两国体育政策的嬗变过程进行分析,认为:美国体育政策是建立在美国文化的背景之上的,美国的国家制度是体育政策产生的基点,体育政策的制定经历了自由发展到社会主导的发展历程;德国的政治需要和人本需求是体育政策发展的主导,体育政策始终引导大众体育的发展,体育政策经历了从体操推广、政治体育到以俱乐部为基础的社会主导型发展历程。美、德两国的体育政策嬗变对我国的启示主要体现为:我国也应该从更高的层面来认识体育政策的制定,理顺体育与国民健康及国家安全的关系;对体育的关注应提高到人力资本投资的层面,促使体育为国家发展服务;规划体育发展,重视加快公共体育设施建设,大力发展群众体育是实现体育强国的内在条件;创新完善体育制度,发展社会主导、重视人本需求的体育政策是实现体育强国的制度保障。

In this paper, we analyzed the evaluation of the sports policies in the United States and Germany using documents, comparative analysis and other methods. We hold that the sports policies of the United States are based on the cultural background of the country, the state system of the United States is the basis of its sports policies, and the formulation of the sports policies of the United States has experienced the course from free development to socieyt-led development. Germany＇s political needs and humanistic demand are the main factors driving the development of its sports policies, the sports policies always guide the development of mass sports, and its sports policies has experienced the development course from gymnastics promotion and political sports to society--led sports based on clubs. The evolution of the sports policies of the United States and Germany may bring some revelation to China： China should also understand the sports policies from a higher level and straighten out the relationship between sports and people＇ s physical fitness and national security; the concern on sports should be raised to the level of manpower capital investment to urge sports to serve national development; the inherent conditions to become a sports power is to carry out planning of sports development, attach importance to speed up the construction oi＂ public sports facilities and vigorously develop mass sports; innovating the sports system, promoting the development of society-led sports policies highly valuing humanistic demands is the the system guarantee to build a sports power.