性别偏见与社会建构:女性体育权利的变迁历程

Gender Bias and Social Construction:Evolution of Female Sports Rights

采用文献资料等研究方法对不同时代的女性体育权利特点和女性体育权利变迁的实质等问题进行研究。认为:女性体育权利经过了性别平等、性别偏见和社会权力卷入的演进历程;女性体育权利的变迁呈现了水平隔离和垂直隔离的态势,女性在体育参与中遭受了显性和隐形的歧视与排斥;女性体育权利演变的背后动因主要受固化的性别偏见、社会规训、性别角色期许、性别角色斗争与冲突、体育项目科层制及职业化等因素的影响;要想真正实现女性体育参与的性别平等,维护女性的体育参与权利应该摒弃固化的性别偏见、倡导积极和斗争的态度,合理建构自身的体育权利来反对任何形式的体育性别排斥现象。

In this paper, we studied the characteristics of female sports rights in different ages, the nature of evolution of female sports rights and other issues using documents and other methods. We hold that： female sports rights have experienced the evolution course of gender equality, gender bias and social power involvement; the evolution of female sports rights presents a horizontal and vertical isolation trend, women have suffered overt and covert discrimination and exclusion in sports participation; the main factors behind the evolution of female sports rights are deep-rooted gender bias, social discipline, gender role expectation, gender role struggle and conflict, sports event bureaucracy and professionalization; to truly realize gender equality in female sports participation and safeguard women＇s rights in sports participatation, we should abandon the deep-routed gender bias, advocate positive and combatant attitudes and reasonably construct their sports rights to fight against any form of gender exclusion in sports participation.