财政分权及支出结构促进了城乡收入均衡化水平吗?

Do Chinese Fiscal Decentralization and Fiscal Expenditure Structure Promote the Equilibrium of Urban-rural Income?

财政分权和财政支出结构影响城乡收入均衡化水平,本文对中国省际面板数据进行了实证检验与分析。研究发现:东部地区财政分权和财政支出结构是有利于城乡收入均衡的,而中西部地区这种政策则不利于城乡收入均衡。一定限度的财政分权是有益的,但如果绩效考核体系偏重增长激励、城乡二元体制固化程度与城市倾向性较高,那么必然会进一步引致支出政策及相关配套政策扭曲,从而加深收入不均衡程度。财政支出政策应更综合、全面地承担起优化公共服务、改善民生的责任。

This paper conducts an empirical analysis with the inter-provincial panel data of China, in order to find out how Chinese fiscal decentralization and fiscal expenditure structure affect the equilibrium of urban-rural income. Fiscal de- centralization and fiscal expenditure promote equilibrium of urban-rural income in east region, while the fiscal policies are negative in the central and west region. Limited fiscal decentralization is positive. However, if the performance appraisal of government officials is growth-oriented, urban-rural dualism is serious, and the policies are urban-biased, the fiscal expend- iture policies and supporting policies will be more inappropriate, with wider urban-rural income gap. Moreover, fiscal ex- penditure policy should be made more comprehensively focusing on optimizing public service and improving people＇s liveli-hood.