人之为人的神性向度——柏拉图的道德哲学观

The Divine Dimension of Man as Man: Plato's Philosophical View of Morality

在柏拉图看来,人之为人的最高境界,在于"人与神相似",在于"人向神生成",在于踏上哲学之途,借此育养非凡的德性,最终成为经世济民的"哲人王"或爱智求真的"完善公民"。这一思路不仅折映出古希腊"人文化成"的理想追求,而且代表了柏拉图的道德哲学思想。当然,从现实生活的角度看,这一理想在本质上是难以实现的,但其作为一种希冀的目标,却具有范导人类德行和启发人们思想的作用。

In Plato＇s mind, the highest state of becoming“man as man” is to be godlike and to become divine of the human via philosophical study through which one is able to cultivate his divine virtues, and eventually become either a socially-committed“philosopher king” or a truth-seeking“perfect citizen”.This concept of Plato＇s not only reveals the ideal pursuit of human en-culturation in the Hellenic times, but also represents his typical thought of moral philosophy in the polis.However, it is believed to be unattainable by its nature from the perspective of the living reality.It is expected to play an active role in guiding the moral behavior of humankind and inspiring the human thinking in the domain of what“man as man” ought to be and ought to do.