神话逻各斯——解读《德意志观念论体系的源始纲领》以及浪漫“新神话”

Mythic Logos: An Interpretation of The Oldest Systematic Programme of Idealism and the New Mythology of Romanticism

《德意志观念论体系的源始纲领》是德国观念论与浪漫派的开篇之作。作为一种征兆,它指向一个时代,归属于由多个作者构成的"星丛",呈现了观念论与浪漫派之间互动涵濡的"观念单元"。德意志观念论与浪漫主义思潮初登历史堂奥,就注定要置身于神话与理性的生死纠结之中。以神话来完成逻各斯,将启蒙进行到底,便是观念论与浪漫派的志业,这份志业表述在浪漫主义"理性的神话"提案之中。而与之相联系的"感性宗教"提案,就是一个变形的灵知教义神话,一个变形的神话逻各斯。观念论与浪漫派所膜拜的"灵"同灵知主义藉以超越世界而寻求不朽神性的"灵",存在着血脉传承的关系。所谓"人类最后的伟业丰功",乃是"新神话"的终结,染上了浓烈的乌托邦色彩,甚至可以说是神话-逻各斯-教义三者互相涵濡彼此杂糅而成的幻象体系。

The Oldest Systematic Programme of Idealism, a text written by anonymous authors at the end of 18^th century in Germany and discovered at the beginning of 20^th century, declares the early German Idealism and Romanticism.As an intellectual symptom, it brings its orientation towards a certain Zeitgeist with constellations of thinkers and poets and represents a set of idea units in the interpenetration between idealist and Romantic tendencies, which are destined to place themselves in the entanglement of myth and reason since their appearance in the history.The ultimate goal of idealism and romanticism, expressed in the proposal of a reason mythology in romanticism, is to access logos and achieve enlightenment with mythos.Meanwhile, a related proposal of“sensuous religion” becomes to be a kind of transformed dogmatic myth of Gnosticism, that is, a kind of myth logos.Therefore, there is a type of filial continuity between the spirit hypothesized in Idealism and Romanticism on one hand and the spirit by which Gnostic transcends the material cosmos and seeks for the immortal divine on the other.Consequently, immersed in the utopian atmosphere, the so-called“the very last and the grandest of the work of humanity” marks the end of a new mythology, if not becoming a system of fantasies as hybridization of mythos, logos, and dogmas.