亚洲农业文化遗产的保护与发展

The conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems in Asia

农业是社会发展与繁荣的基础。人类的祖先在漫长的农业生产实践过程中创造了一批经济与生态价值高度统一的土地利用系统,体现了独特的动态保护思想以及农业可持续发展的理念,对于现代生态农业的发展具有重要的价值。自2002年FAO发起"全球重要农业文化遗产"保护项目以来,亚洲在农业文化遗产领域的研究、保护和可持续发展工作走在了世界前列。本文在总结亚洲全球重要农业文化遗产进展的基础上,将亚洲农业文化遗产分为物种资源、耕作制度、复合系统、农业工程、生产技术和管理经验等6种类型,最后从科学研究和管理实践两个角度对亚洲农业文化遗产的工作提出了建议。

Agriculture is crucial for economic development. Asia has a very long history of agriculture civilization,and thus there exist lots of land use systems, with high economic and ecological values. All of these systems present the principles of dynamic conservation and agriculture sustainable development, which also plays an important role in modern ecological agriculture development. In 2002, FAO launched the project of 'Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)'.After wards, Asia has been in a leading position all over the world, considering their excellent achievements in GIAHS research, conservation and sustainable development. In this paper, we summarize the main features of GIAHS in Asia,and then we divide the minto 6 types as follows:species resources, cultivation systems, multiple systems, agriculture engineering, production technology, as well as management experiences. Besides, we also provide some suggestions about the conservation of GIAHS in Asia, from the viewpoints of scientific research and management practices.