互花米草对红树林湿地的入侵现状调查研究

Investigation on the Invasion Status of Spartina alterniflora to Mangrove Wetlands

对福建、广东和广西等省区受到互花米草入侵的有代表性的红树林湿地进行实地调查.调查结果发现:互花米草主要以带状或斑块状分布在红树林的前缘;在红树林内,主要呈斑块状分布于红树林林间空隙处;在红树林密集的地方则难以侵入.互花米草与红树植物存在生态位的重叠,与红树植物竞争阳光和生长空间,容易对周围低矮的红树植物形成遮荫,特别是对红树林幼苗的生长带来不利影响.建议采用本土红树植物科学地营造红树林,以较快形成较高的郁闭度,达到防治互花米草的目的.

Some representative mangrove wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora in Fujian province, Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were surveyed. The result showed that Spartina alterniflora mainly grew at the front edge of mangrove, showing zonal or patchy distribution; some grew in mangrove forest gaps as patchy distribution, and it could hardly invade into the dense mangrove forest. The niches of Spartina alterniflora and mangrove plants are overlapped, they compete for sunshine and growth space, and the rapid growth of Spartina alterniflora can easily shade to low mangrove plants around them, especially have adverse effects on the growth of mangrove seedlings. Afforestation using native mangrove species and scientific planting methods are recommended, to make the native mangrove plants rapidly form high canopy density, achieving the goal of control to Spartina alterniflora.