教育中的“反智主义”:思想根源与中国语境

Anti-intellectualism in Education:the Thinking Origin and Chinese Context

教育中的"反智主义"为一种对待知识、理智的态度和行为。这种态度和行为主要表现为对知识教学、理智培养的反驳、否弃、怀疑、嘲弄和改造。教育中的"反智主义"表现形式多样,在不同的语境下所指不同。"反智主义"主要源于知识与政治、文化的斗争关系,其既有来自外部因素对知识、理智的挤压,又有来自知识、理智对自身的反思。就中国语境而言,反智主义是一种长久的思想传统和教育实践。它有着和西方语境甚至完全不同的特质和作用,常常会成为一种追求真知、崇尚理性精神的桎梏。重塑知识的理想、提高学生思维能力(智力)、锻炼理性批判力和养成思维的乐趣等,显然更为紧迫和重要。

As an attitude and behavior for treating intellectual and reason, anti-intellectualism in education is mainly to refute, abandon, distrust, criticize and reform the knowledge teaching and intellectual raising. Educational anti-intellectual- ism includes many faces which are different in different context. Anti-intellectualism is mainly due to the complex struggle relationship between knowledge, politics and culture. In Chinese context, the educational anti-intellectualism is a long tradi- tion of thought and an educational practice. Being different from the Western anti-intellectualism, Chinese anti-intellectualism often becomes a shackle for seeking genuine knowledge and advocating rational spirit. It is very important and urgent to reshape the ideal of knowledge, improve students＇ thinking ability, train their rational critical ability and develop their interest of thinking.