道德教育认识论基础的反思与重建——中西比较的视角

The Reflection and Reconstruction of the Epistemological Foundation of Moral Education ——From the Comparative Perspective of the Chinese and the Western

道德来自文化,是文化的一部分。中西方不同的文化传统造成了各自传统道德教育的差异。在道德教育的过程和基础上,西方重"认知",中国重"情感";在道德教育的结果和逻辑上,西方遵循"由外而内"的逻辑,中国遵循"由内而外"的逻辑。文化价值多元、知识性质改变和道德本身的复杂等一系列因素共同造成现代社会道德教育的认识论困境。借鉴对中西方道德教育差异的思考,现代道德教育必须改变单一的以"知识"或者"情感"为基础的认识论传统,在"知性"与"感性"的结合中,统筹人的复杂性和人类生活的多样性,从人性和人生发展的复杂性出发,重建道德教育的认识论基础。

The moral, as a part of culture, comes from culture. Different cultural traditions between the Chinese and the Western have caused differences in their traditional moral education. In the aspect of foundation and process, the Westem focuses on ＂cognitive＂ but the Chinese focuses on ＂emotional＂. In the aspect of logic and results, the Western follows ＂from outside to inside＂ but the Chinese follows ＂from inside to outside＂. The diversity of cultural values, the changing of knowledge nature and the complexity of moral are all the factors which have caused the epistemological predicament of moral education in modem society. Learning from the different moral education between the Chinese and the Western, modem moral education must change the single epistemological tradition based on ＂knowledge＂ or ＂emotional＂. It has to combine the ＂intellectual＂ and ＂emotional＂, co-ordinate the complexity and diversity of human life, and reconstruct the epistemological foundations of moral education from the complexity of the humanity and life.