基于测土配方施肥的秭归县玉米施肥措施研究

Study of Fertilization Measurements of Corn in Zigui County Based on Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization

[目的]为了提出推荐施肥措施。[方法]通过在秭归县玉米主产区开展测土配方施肥试验,研究该区域玉米施肥效果。[结果]测土配方施肥相比习惯施肥方式表现出明显的增产增收、提高肥料养分利用率等效果。玉米平均增产606.0 kg/hm2,增产率8.9%;新增产值平均1 272.0元/hm2,减氮增钾减少肥料投入平均321.0元/hm2,平均增加纯收入1 593.0元/hm2;配方施肥相对习惯施肥均为减氮减磷增钾施肥,平均分别减施纯氮、P2O5、K2O 79.5、13.5、9.0 kg/hm2,实际化肥施用量总计减少246.0 kg/hm2。[结论]对初步制定的秭归土壤养分丰缺指标和玉米作物肥料养分施用指标进行了较合理的调整和修订。

[ ObjectiveJ The research aimed to propose the recommended fertilization measures. [ Methodj Field plot experiment in main corn production areas of Zigui County was carried out. And the fertilization effects of corn in the region were studied. [ Result] Compared with con- ventional fertilization method, soil testing and formulated fertilization measures showed obvious effects of the increase of the production and the income, and the improvment of the utilization efficiency of fertilizer nutrient. Average corn yield increased by 606.0 kg/hm2 , which realized the increase rate of 8.9% in study area. Average value of new production was 1 272.0 yuan/hm2 , and average reduction of fertilizer spend was 321.0 yuan/hm2. The average net income increased by 1 593.0 yuan/hm2. With the reduction of nitrogen （ N 79.5 kg/hm2 ） and phos- phorus （ P205 13.5 kg/hm2 ） fertilizer, and the increase of potassium fertilizer （ K20 9.0 kg/hm2 ） , the actual amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 246.0 kg/hm2. [ Conclusion] Soil fertility index and corn fertilizer application index in Zigui were reasonably revised.