上海市中心城区人诱停落法连续194天成蚊监测及种群动态研究

Study on adult mosquito population dynamics by human landing catch in downtown Shanghai,China

目的探索上海市城区中心地带蚊虫种群动态变化、时间分布及成蚊叮刺指数状况。方法选取城区蚊虫较易出现的公园和绿化区域环境类型(人民广场及人民公园地区),采用人诱停落法进行连续194 d的成蚊动态监测研究。结果2012年4月下旬至10月下旬共194 d捕获成蚊1666只,包括3属5种,其中白纹伊蚊和淡色库蚊的构成比分别为71.1%和27.7%;成蚊日波动幅度较大,高峰期集中在7-9月,最高达到52只/d;成蚊种群的旬分布趋势显示,淡色库蚊高峰期出现在6月上旬,其密度在5-6月显著高于白纹伊蚊(均P<0.05);白纹伊蚊高峰期出现在7月下旬,7-9月期间,白纹伊蚊密度均显著高于淡色库蚊,属最优势蚊种。结论针对中心城区蚊虫侵害度采用人诱停落法进行连续194 d成蚊监测尚属首次报道,研究提示蚊虫的常规监测方法存在一定的局限性和不准确性;上海市中心城区的蚊媒防治工作仍应针对白纹伊蚊和淡色库蚊两种优势蚊种,采取有效的、针对性的防控措施;此外研究提示,上海市中心城区适宜越冬蚊生存场所较多的现象可能导致次年淡色库蚊高峰期提前到来。

Objective To investigate the population dynamics, temporal distribution, and stinging indices of mosquito population in the downtown Shanghai, China. Methods Five mosquito-lmonitoring sites were set up in Shanghai Peoples Square and Peoples Park areas, where mosquitoes were frequently encountered. A 194-day continuous dynamic monitoring of adult mosquitoes was conducted by human landing catch. Results During the 194-day surveillance from late April to late October, 2012, a total of 1666 adult mosquitoes of 5 species and 3 genera were collected. The proportions of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens were 71.1% and 27.7%, respectively. The high daily fluctuation of adult mosquitoes was observed. Most of the mosquitoes were captured during July to September, with a peak of 52 mosquitoes per day. Cx. pipiens pallens peaked in early June, and its population density was significantly higher than that of Ae. albopictus in May and June （P〈0.05）. Ae. albopictus peaked in late July, and its population density was significantly higher than that of Cx. pipiens pallens during July to September （P〈0.05）, so it was the predominant species during that period. Conclusion This is the first report on mosquito infestations in downtown area as the results of 194-day continuous surveillance based on human landing catch. The results suggested that routine mosquito monitoring methods have limitations and inaccuracy. Targeted and efficient measures with special focus on the two predominant mosquito species, Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens, should be introduced into the prevention and control of mosquitoes in downtown Shanghai. Furthermore, the study suggested that the increasing suitable sites for overwintering mosquitoes are more likely to cause an earlier arrival of Cx. pipiens pallens peak in the studied areas.