山西省农田生境复杂程度对小型啮齿动物多样性的影响

Impact of farmland habitat complexityon diversity of small rodents in Shanxi province,China

目的探索山西省不同地区农田小型啮齿动物的多样性与环境因子的关系,为制定山西省农田小型啮齿动物区域性综合治理措施提供主要依据。方法在山西省南部的临汾市隰县、中部的太原市娄烦县和北部的忻州市五台县设立研究区,在3-11月采用夹日法调查各研究区农田小型啮齿动物的多样性,以调查期内7月中旬的植被异质性指数来判定研究区的生境复杂程度,探讨山西省农田的生境复杂程度对小型啮齿动物多样性的影响。结果山西省农田小型啮齿动物的丰富度与其多样性指数和植被异质性指数的相关系数为0.998,呈显著的正相关;物种优势度指数与植被异质性指数的相关系数达-1.000,呈极显著负相关关系;而捕获率及均匀度指数和植被异质性指数只有0.404和0.994,其相关性并不显著。结论栖息环境的复杂程度是影响小型啮齿动物群落丰富度和多样性的关键因子,而农田中各植被类型盖度的均匀程度可能与小型啮齿动物群落的均匀度指数有关。

Objective To investigate the relationship between diversity of farmland small rodents and environmental factors in different regions of Shanxi province, China and to provide a foundation for regional integrated management for farmland small rodents in Shanxi province. Methods The study areas were established in Xi county of Linfen, Loufan county of Taiyuan, and Wutai county of Xinzhou in Shanxi province. The snap-trap method was used to investigate the diversity of farmland small rodents in each study area from March to November. The vegetation heterogeneity index in the middle ten days of July was used to determine the habitat complexity in study area. The impact of farmland habitat complexity on diversity of small rodents in Shanxi province was evaluated. Results There was a significant positive correlation between the richness and diversity indices of farmland small rodents and vegetation heterogeneity index in Shanxi province, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. On the other hand, the species dominance index was negatively correlated with the vegetation heterogeneity index, with a correlation coefficient of-l.000. However, the capture rate and evenness index showed no significant correlation with the vegetation heterogeneity index, with correlation coefficients of 0.404 and 0.994, respectively. Conclusion The complexity of habitat environment is a key factor influencing the richness and diversity of small rodent community. The uniformity of vegetation coverage in farmland is probablv correlated with the evenness index of small rodent community.