满洲里市2001-2013年蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of natural plague foci maintained by Marmota sibirica in Manzhouli,China during 2001-2013

目的分析2001-2013年满洲里市鼠疫流行特征及趋势,为制订鼠疫防控策略及预警提供依据。方法应用流行病学方法对2001-2013年满洲里市鼠疫监测资料进行分析。结果对2001-2013年1764份血清进行检测(其中达乌尔黄鼠血清1327份),分别在2004、2005、2007、2008、2010、2012年,在达乌尔黄鼠血清中检测到鼠疫F1抗体,总计34份。分别对捕获的各种鼠类2131只,各种蚤类1884匹进行细菌学检验,结果全部为阴性。结论2001-2013年满洲里市未发生人间鼠疫,有动物鼠疫流行的迹象,并存在鼠疫宿主更替和长爪沙鼠侵入的现象,应加强重点地区监测和预警,防止人间鼠疫的发生与流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemic features and trends of plague in Manzhouli, China during 2001-2013, and to provide a basis for the development of plague prevention and control strategies and early warning. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze plague surveillance data in Manzhouli during 2001-2013. Results A total of 1764 sera （including 1327 sera from Spermophilus dauricus） collected from 2001 to 2013 were examined, with special focus on 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012 samples, of which 34 F1 antibody-positive S. dauricus sera were identified. Bacteriological tests of 2131 rodents and 1884 fleas found no signs of Yersinia pestis. Conclusion No signs of human plague were found in Manzhouli during 2001-2013, while indication of animal plague epidemic was discovered. There were substitution of plague host and invasion of Mongolian gerbil at the same time. The monitoring and precaution in the key areas should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence and epidemic of plague among humans.