新疆棉蚜生物型的研究

Researches on Biotypes of Cotton Aphid in Xinjiang

在新疆主要棉蚜寄主植物之间进行了接种试验，确立了不同的棉蚜食物专化型—瓜蚜型和棉蚜型。二者各自在瓜类和棉花上独立存在，互相不能直接迁移定植；初步推断出棉蚜在新疆存在３种生活周期型：（１）异寄主全周期型，以石榴和黄金树等为越冬寄主，棉花为侨居寄主；（２）同寄主全周期型，初步观察棉蚜在黄金树上能完成生活周期；（３）不全周期型有两种情况，一是瓜蚜型夏季在田间瓜类作物上营孤雌生殖生活，秋季进入温室和大棚的黄瓜等寄主上继续营孤雌生殖生活；二是夏季在棉花上营孤雌生殖生活，秋季进入温室和大棚的扶桑等寄主上继续营孤雌生殖生活；并采用ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ技术对不同寄主植物上的棉蚜种群进行了检测。

Two biotypes (food preference forms)Melon Form and Cotton Form-the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, from Xinjiang were recognized based on the experiments on trans- colonization of the aphids among the main host crops. These two forms independently occurred on cotton and gourd crops (cucumber, water melon, muskmelon and summer squash) respectively,and can not colonize from one to the other. According to the experiment results along with the available data, three life cycles of cotton aphid in Xinjiang were tentatively established: (1 ) heteroecious holocycle with pomegranate (Punica granatum ) and Catalpa speciosa as first hosts and cotton as the second; (2) autoecious holocycle on Catalpa speciosa; (3 ) anholocycle which was composed of two separate subcycles with one migrating between melons in the fields and greenhouse and the other migrating between Hisbicus syriacus in greenhouse and cotton in the fields. RAPD-PCR method was firstly used to differenciate the aphid clones from different host plants.