小型猪中医动物模型进展及在中医药研究中的应用

Introduction of Traditional Chinese Medical Pig Models and the Application of Mini-pig in Chinese Medicine Researches

小型猪具有体重轻、品种纯、生长慢、生理生化指标与人类相似等优点;作为大型实验动物,实验人员可借助中兽医学的"四诊"方法对其疾病、证候进行研究。这些优势使的小型猪备受中医药研究关注。在小型猪证候模型方面,国内学者通过前腔静脉采血致失血和冰水冷刺激的方法复制了小型猪血虚寒凝血瘀证模型;通过冠状动脉内注射神经肽制成小型猪心络绌急模型;并通过药物刺激、放血、冰袋冷敷等方法在小型猪活体复制了涩脉等脉象模型。小型猪病证结合模型主要围绕冠心病开展:学者通过在小型猪左冠状动脉前降支放置Ameroid缩窄环制成冠心病小型猪模型,通过借助中医及中兽医四诊方法,观察到造模术后小型猪行为特点、皮毛、粪便、口色等表现符合血瘀证、气虚血瘀证特点;另有学者通过高脂饲料喂养对小型猪结合介入球囊损伤左冠状动脉前降支建成冠心病痰瘀互结证模型;并对模型的变化进行客观地描述。中医药研究中更多的采用现有西医疾病模型,小型猪已分别用于中药口服制剂、中药注射剂、中药膏剂、中药涂层支架、针刺疗法等中医药疗法评价研究中。虽然研究涉及多个系统、多种制剂,但小型猪在中医药研究领域尚未得到广泛应用。如何结合小型猪特点,建立符合中医药研究需要的小型猪模型仍处于探索阶段。

Mini - pigs have the following characteristics ： lighter weight, slower growth, stable transmissibility, biochemical indicators similar to humans＇ and so on;mini -pigs is a kind of large experimental animals, and experimenters can master its symptoms and illness with the help of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine ＂four diagnostic methods＂, then they can study the mini - pigstliseases and syndrome. All these characteristics make mini - pigs have been widely applied in the research of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In terms of syndrome model of mini - pigs, the syndrome model of ＂haemorrheological nature blood deficiency and stasis＂ in mini - pigs has been established by the method of collecting blood from former vena cava to blood loss and ice water stimulation. Mini - pigs model of＂ xinluochuji＂ has been established in coronary artery injection of neuropevtide Y. Mini - pigs models of pulse tracings including the unsmooth pulse model have been set up by stimulating of drugs, phlebotomy and putting on ice bag. Combination of disease and syndrome model of mini - pigs is mainly about coronary heart disease. An model of coronary heart disease in mini - pigs has been established in mini - pigs by oppressing the coronary artery through the expansion of inner layer of Ameroid constrictora. The behavior characteristics, fur, feces, color performance of the model after model replication conform to Chinese medical qi - deficiency＆blood - stasissyndrome by using TCM and traditional Chinese veterinary medicine ＂four diagnostic methods＂. As a disease - syndrome conjugated anmial model, the mini - pig coronary heart disease model of phlegm - stasis cementation syndrome type has been established by high fat diet feeding and coronary artery balloon injury. And laboratory indicators have been introduced to objectively describe the changes of the model. Existing modem medicine disease mod- els are used for more times in the research of TCM. The models of mini - pigs have been used in the research of TCM therapy, such as TCM oral preparation, TCM injections, TCM eluting stent, ointment of Chinese herb, acupuncture therapy, and so on. Ahhough research involving multiple systems and a variety of agents, mini - pigs has not been widely used in the field of research of TCM. It is still in the exploratory stage how to combine with the characteristics of miniature pigs and model to meet the needs of research of TCM at present.