营养好不好?睡眠足不足?锻炼够不够?——我国中小学生身体发展条件调查研究

The Survey Research on Physical Development Condition of Elementary and Middle School Students in Country

中小学生身体发展问题是教育政策研究领域中重要但又缺乏应有关注的课题。本研究基于全国10省20市(县)20153名中小学生的分层抽样面板数据,以学生的营养供给、睡眠时间、体育锻炼时间为衡量中小学生身体发展条件的指标,对当前我国中小学生的身体发展条件状况进行全面考察。研究发现:(1)从低年级到高年级,学生的营养供给水平逐渐增高,但睡眠时间和体育锻炼时间逐渐减少;(2)从村屯到城市,学生的营养供给水平逐渐增高,日均体育锻炼时间逐渐增多,但在睡眠时间方面城乡无显著差异;(3)从学困生到学优生,学生的营养供给水平逐渐增高,睡眠时间和体育锻炼时间逐渐增多。根据以上发现,对如何有效促进中小学生的身体发展提出了建议。

Elementary and middle school students’ physical development is an important questionthat lacks enough concern in education policy research field. This study uses the stratified sampling dataof 20153 elementary and middle school students from 20 cities （counties） in 10 provinces in China toconduct a comprehensive research on the students’ current physical development status with thestudents’ nutrition level, sleeping time, and physical exercise time as the condition indicators. The re-search results are listed as follows： （1） From low to high grades, students’ nutrition level gradually in-creased, but students’ sleeping time and physical exercise time gradually decreased. （2） From the villa-ges to the cities, students’ nutrition level and the average daily physical exercise time increased gradual-ly, but there was no significant difference between urban and rural areas in terms of sleeping time. （3）From low to high achievement, students’ nutrition level, sleeping time and physical exercise time all in-creased gradually. Based on the above findings, some advices are proposed to effectively promote thestudents’ physical development.