马尔库塞与哈贝马斯科技发展前景论比较研究

A Comparative Study of Marcuse and Habermas in Their Theories of Scientific and Technological Development Prospects

马尔库塞在对工具理性和现代科技进行批判的基础上提出了它的解决办法。要消除科技造成的对人的压抑和单向度状态就要超越于工具理性,用新的感性和爱欲解放来进行拯救。哈贝马斯建立起新的合理化框架。新的合理化就是交往合理化,就是强调相互作用的重要意义,恢复生活世界的本来面目。要实现交往合理化就需要建立民主公正的对话秩序,实现话语民主,科技也应当参与其中改变自身过去傲慢的态度,与人们交流关注人们的需要。

By criticizing the instrumental rationality and the modern science and technology,Marcuse comes up with his solutions of the problems.Marcuse believes that in order to remove the depression inflicted on people by science and technology and to eliminate the one dimensional state,we should transcend the instrumental rationality and resort to new sensibility and Eros liberation for salvation. Habermas has established the new rational framework.The new rationality is the communicative rationality,which emphasizes the important significance of interaction and the importance of restoring the true nature of the life world.To bring about the communicative rationality,democratic and j ust dialogue systems should be established.To make the discourse democratic,science should get involved in it by changing its arrogant attitudes and communicating with people in its concern for their needs.