大学生步态特点与踝关节等动肌力的相关性研究

Correlation between the Gait Characteristics and Ankle Isokinetic Muscle Strength of the University Students

运用Cybex-NORM等速肌力测试系统,RSscan足底压力板测试系统对27名在校大学生（男15名,女12名）进行步向角测试,30°/s,120°/s两种角速度踝关节内收、外展的等动肌力测试,旨在探讨大学生步态特点及内、外八字形成的肌力学机制.研究结果：（1）大学生青年步向角的正常范围为1～15°;（2）男性步向角均值约为11.4°,女性步向角均值约为4.7°,男女性别差异具显著性;（3）角速度为30°/s和120°/s的内收、外展峰力矩,内收、外展平均力矩以及外展内收力矩比值均显示男性大于女性,且有显著性差异;（4）踝关节外展、内收肌力并非随着步向角的增大而增大或减小,内、外八字步态踝关节外展、内收肌力均小于正常步态;（5）30°/s和120°/s两种速度下,3种步态的踝关节外展内收肌力比都几近相等,没有显著性差异.结论：（1）23岁左右青年大学生步向角的正常范围为1～15°,小于1°为内八字步态,大于15°为外八字步态;（2）步向角、踝关节外展、内收肌力矩,外展内收肌力比均存在性别差异;（3）内、外八字不良步态形成的肌力学原因是踝关节外展、内收肌力同时薄弱,而不是外展内收肌力发展失衡,深层原因需要进一步深入探讨和研究.

127 university students （15 male and 12 female） were selected as the subjects for the measurement offoot progressive angle （FPA） and isokinetic muscle test of ankle adduction and abduction with the angular speed of30°/s and 120°/s, using the systems of Cybex-NORM and RSscan. The study aims to explore the gait characteristicsof university students and the muscle mechanism of toe-in and toe-out gait. The result shows that the normal gaitrange of young people is 1°-15°. The average FPA of male and female are 11.4° and 4.7° respectively, whichshows the distinct difference between the male and the female. The adductive and abductive peak torque with theangular speed of 30°/s and 120°/s, average adductive and abductive torque and the ratio between the adductiveand abductive torque of the male are higher than those of the female with significant difference. The increase ordecrease of FPA do not result in the increase or decrease of ankle adductive or abductive muscle strength. Alltorque values of toe-in and toe-out gait are smaller than those of the normal gait. With the speed of 30°/s or 120°/s,the ratio of ankle adductive and abductive muscle torque is nearly the same. The conclusion is that the normal FPArange of young university students around 23 years old is 1°-15°. The FPA of toe-in gait is less than 1° and that ofthe toe-out gait is more than 15°. There is a difference between the male and the female in FPA, ankle abductiveand adductive torque and the ratio between the abductive and adductive torque. The cause of the toe-in and toeoutgait is due to the weakness of both ankle abductive and adductive muscle strength and not the imbalance ofthe development of abductive and adductive muscle strength. The underlying reasons need to be further studied.