重庆方言的两个零形否定结构

Two Zero Negative Constructions in Chongqing Dialect

在重庆方言中,"X+(个)+Y"和"X+(才)+Y"两个结构并不含有否定词,却能表达否定概念,属于零形否定现象。这两个结构使用环境十分丰富,能表达多种语用意义,而且在话语、语用及语法等方面都存在诸多特点。在来源问题上,"X+(个)+Y"结构由"X一个Y"经过缩减、类推等步骤形成,而两种类型的"X+(才)+Y"结构的产生,则是分别源于具有反常特征的X导致的语用效果,以及副词"才"和形容词"怪"的词汇化演变。

In Chongqing dialect, constructions X ＋ ge（个） ＋ Y and X ＋ cai（才） ＋ Y can convey neg- ative meanings with them containing no negative words. These two zero negative constructions have va- rious usages and functions, and show plenty of interesting features in discourse, pragmatics and gram- mar. X ＋ge ＋ Y is formed by X ＋yige（一个） ＋ Y through deletion and analogy, and two types of X ＋ cai ＋ Y are formed due to the pragmatic effect caused by X with abnormal features, and the lexical- ization of adverb cai and adjective guai（怪）, respectively.