基于ISSR分子标记的海南凤仙花种群遗传多样性

ISSR Analysis on Population Genetic Diversity of Impatiens hainanensis Balsaminaceae, an Endemic Species to Hainan Island

运用ISSR分子标记技术,分析海南岛石灰岩地区海南凤仙花自然种群的遗传结构,比较3个海拔梯度对种群遗传结构的影响。结果显示,13个ISSR引物的扩增结果显示其多态性位点百分率为97.7%。AMOVA分析表明:海南凤仙花自然种群的变异主要来自种群内(92%),而种群间变异较少(8%);中海拔种群的遗传多样性最为丰富;而高海拔种群的遗传多样性则较低;种群的遗传距离和地理距离表现出显著的高度相关性。说明海拔是影响种群基因流的重要因素,高海拔种群可以向中低海拔种群进行传播花粉和种子等基因流动,而中低海拔种群向高海拔种群进行类似的基因流动则较为困难,海南凤仙花数量较少的主要原因可能来自于其生境的限制。因此在以后的保护工作中要特别注重其生境的保护,避免人为因素的破坏。

Impatiens hainanensis is endemic to Hainan Island. Its number of plants is very low and habitat is easily damaged. This research used the ISSR molecular marker technology to analysis the genetic diversity of Impatiens hainanensis population and compared the effects of three elevation gradients on population genetic structure. The results indicated that： 13 ISSR primers amplification results showed that the polymorphism loci percentage is 97.7%; AMOVA analysis indicated that the variation of Impatiens hainartensis population occurred mainly within populations （92%） and limitedly between populations （8%）; Altitude populations in the most abundant genetic diversity; The high altitude population genetic diversity is low; genetic distance and geographic distance of population showed a significantly high specificity. Analysis shows that altitude is the important factors that affect the population gene flow, high altitude populations can be spread pollen and seeds to the low altitude populations, the similar activity from low altitude populations to high altitude populations is more difficult, the main reason for the small number of Impatiens hainanensis plants came from its habitat. So in the future for protection work, we should put special emphasis on the habitat protection and avoid the destruction of the human factors.