手术室切口感染的相关因素及预防护理对策分析

The analysis of the related factors of the incision infection during operation and its preventive nursing countermeasures

目的分析手术室切口感染的相关因素及预防护理对策。方法选取普外科手术患者940例，对其切口感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果一般护理组（A组）患者发生感染频数在不同切口类型、年龄、性别及手术时间情况下均显著多于加强护理组（B组）（P〈0．05）；不同切口类型比较，2组患者中Ⅲ类切口发生感染比例均显著大于Ⅰ类及Ⅱ类切口（P〈0．05）；不同年龄段比较，2组中〉65岁组发生感染比例均显著高于另2组（P〈O．05）；不同性别比较，2组男女比较差异无统计学意义（19〉0．05）；不同手术时间比较，A组中〉4h组感染发生者显著多于其他时间段（P〈0．05），B组中1～4h组与〉4h组比较无显著差异（P〉0．05），〈1h组则显著少于另外2组（P〈0．05）。结论手术操作过程中注意手术环境及各个环节的消毒、术后加强护理、根据患者情况给予个体化抗感染治疗及预防等方式是防止手术室切口感染的主要途径。

Objective To analyze of the related factors of incision infection during opera- tion and the preventive nursing countermeasures. Methods Incision infection of 940 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Results Infection frequency in the condition of different types of incision, age, gender and operation time in routine nursing group（group A）was significantly higher than that in group B （P〈0.05）. Compared with different types of incision, class III incision in- fection rate was significantly higher than the class I and class II incision in both groups（P 〈 0.05）. Compared with different age groups, the infection rate in above 65 years old group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with different gender, difference was not significant in men and women in two groups （P 〉0.05）. Compared with different operation time, infection of more than 4 hours in group A was significantly more than that in other period （P 〈 0.05）. In group B, there was no significant difference between 1 hour to 4 hours and above 4 hours group（P 〉0.05）, and less than 1 hour group was significantly less than the other two groups（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Operation environment and the operation sterilization should be paid attention and postoperative nursing and individual anti - infection measures should be reinforced. These countermeasures are the primary means to prevent the incision infection during operation.