美国图书馆法律制度体系及其作用分析

Analysis on Library Legal Systems and Their Effects in USA

基于文献调查法与内容分析法,解析构成美国图书馆法律制度体系的图书馆专门法、图书馆相关法、图书馆行业标准与规范的作用。美国图书馆专门法包括:①联邦图书馆法(如《图书馆服务与技术法》和各州图书馆法),在规范与指导美国图书馆事业发展中起到了核心作用;②图书馆相关法(如《美国版权法》、《高等教育法》),是美国图书馆法律制度体系的重要组成部分,可以支持与规范图书馆事业的发展;③图书馆行业标准与规范(如《图书馆权利宣言》),是美国图书馆法律制度体系不可或缺的组成部分和指导图书馆运营与管理的准绳。

Based on methods of literature survey and content analysis, this paper analyzes the effects of American special laws, relative laws, norms and standards of libraries which form the American library legal systems. The American special laws of libraries consisting of federal library laws like Library Services and Technology Act and state library laws, play key roles in standardizing and guiding the development of librarianship in USA; while the relative laws of libraries such as Copyright Law of the USA and Higher Education Act are the important parts of American library legal systems, can support and normalize librarianship ; while the norms and standards of libraries such as Library Bill of Rights are indispen- sable parts of American library legal systems, being a criteria to direct operation and management of libraries.