气吸式花生膜上精量穴播轮田间作业性能测试

Working performance of the air-suction peanut mulch film precise dibbler in field

【目的】选用自行设计开发的穴播轮进行花生田间成穴、播种性能试验,研究气吸式花生膜上精量穴播轮的作业性能,分析其影响因素及影响效果。【方法】采用单因素分析法,对不同作业速度(0.32,0.76和1.02m/s)下的膜孔尺寸、孔穴错位率、膜下播种深度合格率、穴距合格率进行测试与分析;采用多因素正交试验的方法,在不同吸种孔线速度(0.11,0.24,0.33m/s)、不同吸种负压(3.66,3.98,4.65kPa)条件下对花生种子播种质量进行测试与比较。【结果】作业速度对穴播轮成穴及播种性能影响较为显著,低速作业时成穴性能较好,膜孔尺寸、孔穴错位、膜下播种深度、穴距均较好;高速作业时孔穴错位率较大,且穴距变异较大,漏播率增大。吸种孔线速度及吸种负压对播种质量影响显著,随吸种孔线速度的增加,漏播指数增加,重播指数减小;随吸种负压的增加,穴粒数的合格率增加,重播指数相应提高。【结论】在满足成穴质量要求的基础上,当作业速度为0.76m/s(吸种孔线速度为0.24m/s)、吸种负压为4.65kPa时,穴播轮作业质量最优,此时合格指数为95.0%,空穴指数为1.0%,重播指数为4.0%,孔穴错位率为4.0%,膜下播种深度合格率为95.0%,穴距合格率为95.0%,成穴质量、播种质量均能较好地满足花生精量穴播的要求。

【Objective】Punching and seeding test for designed dibbler was carried out in field to investigate the working performance of the air-suction peanut precise dibbler,and its influence factors were analyzed.【Method】The film hole size,cavities dislocation rate,planting depth and row spacing at different operating speeds （0.32,0.76 and 1.02 m/s） were tested with single factor experiment-planning,and the planting quality at different suction seeds hole velocities （0.11,0.24,and 0.33 m/s） and suction seed negative pressures （3.66,3.98,and 4.65 kPa） was tested and compared using the multi-factor orthogonal experimental method.【Result】Operating speed had significant effects on punching and seeding performance.Low speed had better cavitation performance with good film hole length,sowing depth and row spacing.High speed had large cavities dislocation rate,row spacing variation rate,and missing seeding rate.Suction seed hole velocity and suction seed negative pressure had significant effects on seeding quality.Performance of suction seed decreased and seed leakage rate increased with the increase of suction seed hole velocity,while performance of suction seed increased and seed leakage rate decreased as the increase of negative pressure.【Conclusion】When operating speed was 0.76 m/s （suction seed hole velocity was 0.24 m/s）,and suction seed negative pressure was 4.65 kPa,the best cavitation quality was obtained with qualified index of 95.0%,missing index of 1.0%,repeat index of 4.0%,cavities dislocation rate of 4.0%,qualified seeding depth rate of 95.0%,and qualified cavities spacing rate of 95.0%.