科学语境中的政策问题建构

Construction of Policy Problem in Scientific Context

社会治理无非是要解决社会问题,自从社会治理发明了政策工具之后,一直是通过把社会问题转化成政策问题而去达成治理目的的。在近代早期,政策问题建构本来是一个政治过程,然而,在政治现代化的过程中,政治本身选择了科学化、技术化的道路,其中,政策问题建构在科学化、技术化的道路上发挥了引领作用。结果,技术专家主导了政策问题建构过程,以科学的客观性和技术的可操作性排斥了价值考量,使政治过程异化为技术过程。表面看来,政策问题建构反映了客观现实,而且每一项政策也都能够取得巨大成功,实际上,政策科学家或技术专家们却在科学的名义下,把一些虚假的政策问题强加给了公众,真实的社会问题往往被掩盖了起来,而且不断地积累,并使我们的社会滑向了风险社会。

Since the policy instrument is invented,the government has been transforming the social problem intopolicy problem in order to achieve good governance. In the early modern time,the construction of policy problemis a political process. In the modernization process,however,the political life chooses a scientific and technologi-cal path in which the construction of policy problem takes the lead. As a result,the technological experts controlthe construction of policy problem,and they make the political process into a technological process by stressingthe objectiveness of science and the operation of technology and by excluding the value consideration. Policy sci-entists or technological experts impose false problems to the public in the name of science. Therefore,real socialproblems are hidden and assembled,which leads the society into a risky one.