农村宅基地性质再认识

Recognition of the Nature of Rural Housing Land

较于城乡二元的户籍制度、土地制度、社会保障制度,中国的二元经济结构及其在国际经济体系中的位置对农村宅基地的利用方式影响更大,它带来一般农村宅基地的三重性质:一是农村土地对小农家庭的再生产发挥着重要作用,是农民生产生活的重要部分;二是农村宅基地介于耕地与城市土地之间,容易复垦为耕地,不具有资产属性;三是农村宅基地具有重要的保障功能,能应付市场经济的不稳定,对保障国家粮食安全及推进新农村建设具有战略意义。在半工半农的家计模式下,农村宅基地的"季节性闲置"、利用率不高是正常现象。从国家战略和农民福利的角度考察农村宅基地利用问题,而不是从土地要素的角度考察宅基地的资产价值,我们会发现,当前的农村宅基地制度总体合理,需要不断完善和健全。

Compared to urban and rural household registration system,land system,and social security system,China＇s dual economic structure and its position in the international economic system have a greater effect on the using mode of the rural housing land,and it endows the triple nature to the rural housing land：first,the ruralhousing land plays an important role in the reproduction of the smallholder family,and it is an important part ofthe farmers＇production and livelihood;second,rural housing land is between arable land and urban homestead,and it is suitable for cultivated land reclamation,without asset attributes;third,the rural housing land has an im-portant security function,with resistance to the instability of the market economy,and ensures the protection ofnational food security and the new rural construction of strategic significance. In the half-time farming livingmode,rural housing land is seasonally idle,and its utilization rate is not high,which is nothing surprising. Exami-ning from the perspective of national strategy and farmers welfare of rural housing land use problems,rather thanfrom the perspective of land elements of land assets value,we find that the current system of rural housing land isreasonable overall,and we need to constantly improve and perfect it.