热带气旋影响福建沿海风暴潮特征分析

Characteristic analysis of storm surges along Fujian coast associated with tropical cyclones

文中利用1990-2008年气象要素资料、热带气旋路径资料和福建沿海9个验潮站资料，从热带气旋登陆、路径以及福建沿海地理特征等方面，分析研究福建沿海热带气旋风暴潮特征。结果表明：每年平均约有5.58个热带气旋登陆或影响福建，风暴潮发生率为81.1%，福建沿海风暴潮主要出现在5-10月，风暴潮过程最多的是8-9月，平均每年有4.53次风暴潮过程。正面登陆福建的热带气旋和登陆浙南的影响热带气旋，最容易引发福建省沿海热带气旋风暴潮过程，且风暴增水最强，最大增水可达200cm以上，其次是登陆广东的影响热带气旋。由于闽江口的喇叭口地形作用，位于闽江入海处的闽江口岸段在全省4个岸段中风暴增水最强。

Based on the data from 1990 to 2008, which includes meteorological elements, tropical cyclone tracks and data at nine tidal stations along the Fujian coast, the characteristics of storm surges caused by tropical cyclones along the Fujian coast were analyzed. The aspect of tropical cyclone tracks and geographical features of the Fujian coast were considered in the study. The results show that there were on average 5.58 tropical cyclones that make landfall or affect Fujian province every year. The incidence of storm surge was 81.1%. The storm surges along the Fujian coast mainly occurred from May to October, and most frequently in August and September. On average, 4.53 storm surges occurred along the Fujian coast every year. The tropical cyclones that entered Fujian province or made landfall in southern Zhejiang province initiated storm surges most easily. In these situations, the storm surge would be the strongest and the maximum water increment would exceed 200 cm. The tropical cyclones that landed in Guangdong province could also cause storm surges along the Fujian coast. Due to the trumpet-shaped topography, the Minjiang Estuary segment, which is located at the mouth of the Minjiang River, became the place where the storm surges were the strongest.